Abstrak.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model inkuiri terbimbing berbasis literasi sains terhadap hasil belajar materi pokok larutan penyangga pada siswa kelas XI SMAN 1 Gunungsari. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi experimental dengan rancangan nonequivalent control group design. Populasi penelitian yaitu seluruh siswa kelas XI IPA SMAN 1 Gunungsari yang terdiri dari empat  kelas, dengan jumlah total 98 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling. Sampel terpilih yaitu kelas XI IPA 1 sebagai kelas eksperimen yang diberi perlakuan model inkuiri terbimbing berbasis literasi sains dan kelas XI IPA 2 sebagai kelas kontrol yang diberi perlakuan model konvensional, yaitu ceramah dan tanya jawab. Hasil uji hipotesis dengan uji Anakova satu jalur dengan satu kovariabel didapatkan Fhitung sebesar 13,91, sedangkan nilai Ftabel dengan probabilita 0,05 sebesar 4,05, maka Fhitung>Ftabel (13,91>4,05) yang menunjukkan ada pengaruh model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing berbasis literasi sains terhadap hasil belajar. Nilai rata-rata kelas dan ketuntasan klasikal yang lebih besar pada kelas eksperimen dibandingkan kelas kontrol menunjukkan pembelajaran dengan model inkuiri terbimbing berbasis literasi sains lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional dikaitkan dengan hasil belajar.Kata Kunci: Hasil belajar, Inkuiri Terbimbing, Larutan Penyangga, Literasi Sains Abstract.  This research aimed to investigate the influence of guided inquiry model based on science literacy to the learning outcomes of the subject matter of the buffer solution of second year student in SMAN 1 Gunungsari. The research used quasi-experimental method with nonequivalent control group design. The population of the research were 98 students of second year science of SMAN 1 Gunungsari, which were divided into four classes. The sampling technique in this research used purposive sampling. XI science-1 class was selected as the experimental class which used guided inquiry model based on science literacy and XI science-2 class was selected as the control class which used conventional models through lectures and question-answer. Hypothesis test results through the Ancova one lane with one covariates test obtained Fcount equal to 13.91, while the value of  Ftable with probability 0,05 equal to 4,05, then Fcount > Ftable (13.91 > 4.05), the results show that there is an influence of guided inquiry learning model. The average and classical completeness value of experimental class greater than the control class shows that guided inquiry based on science literacy learning is better than the conventional learning related to learning outcomes.Key words: Learning Outcomes, Guided Inquiry, Buffer Solution, Science Literacy

Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease resulting from excessive accumulation of fat. With a significant annual increase, it has become a health concern across the globe in the last decades. To tackle this problem, an exploration of traditional medicinal plants (TMP) functioning as anti-obesity drugs using an ethnopharmacology approach has been carried out. Research on the drug development of obesity treatment was directed at how to inhibit pancreatic lipase as the enzyme accounted for lipid absorption. Using a systematic review and meta-analysis, this current study investigated TMP anti-obesity from the articles published in 6 scientific databases, i.e., Scopus, Science Direct, Proquest, Cengage Library, Ebsco, and Emerald, using particular keywords. The review resulted in 19 articles containing 91 eligible data based on inclusive and exclusive criteria. Meta-analysis extracted data as follows: IC50, number of replications, and standard error, regarding the anti-obesity effects of medicinal plants and orlistat as a positive control. The results showed 8 medicinal plants showing anti-obesity via inhibition of pancreatic lipase, including Solenostemma argel, Garcinia vilersiana, Phyllanthus chamaepeuce, Cassia auriculata, Moringa oleifera, Ficus carica, Ocimum gratissimum, and Adiantum capillus-veneris.

The rhizome of Curcuma aeruginosa RoxB. (RCA) is used traditionally for several diseases. The flavonoid compounds contained in the RCA that responsible for biological activities. In this study, ethanol, water, and acetone had been used as solvent extraction of RCA and applied the simplex-centroid design to optimize the extraction process. The radical scavenging activity and total flavonoid content were investigated using in vitro assays, while cytotoxicity was evaluated by brine shrimp lethality test. ANOVA suggested a linear model for all responses. The ethanol: acetone extract had the highest extract yield with a value of 25.15%, and this result showed no significant with acetone extract at p < 0.05 (22.86%). The ethanol extracts confirmed the higher degree of total flavonoid content and cytotoxicity with a value of 17.97 mg QE/g and 140 μg/ml, respectively. The ethanol: water extract, ethanol extract, and water extract (IC50, 100-500 μg/ml) showed moderate radical scavenging activity compared with ascorbic acid (IC50, 7.19 μg/ml). Regarding the correlation analysis, the negative correlation was weakly observed between flavonoid content and IC50 of free radical scavenging activity, which indicates that the flavonoid in RCA contributes not significantly to the antioxidant activity. Introductory studies on the extraction process of the advanced flavonoid extracts exhibited a scavenging and cytotoxic effect of the ethanol extract on C. aeruginosa rhizome.

Infectious diseases are a disease caused by bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. One way to overcome the disease by using antibiotics. However, wise use can lead to antibiotic resistance, so many bacteria are resistant to antibiotics. Therefore it is necessary to search the natural compounds as antibacterials, one of them by using lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of leaf extracts, stems, and roots lemongrass as antibacterial. The method used in this research is the disc method. Bacteria used are E. coli and S. aureus. The results show extracts of roots, stems, and leaf has activity against S. aureus, while  E. coli shows no activity as antibacterial, it can be possible because of the different properties of the bacteria.   Keywords: anti-bacteria, lemongrass, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus

Angkak dan bekatul merupakan pangan fungsional yang berpotensi sebagai agen terapi untuk mengendalikan gula darah, dikarenakan kandungan antioksidan alaminya. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh campuran ekstrak angkak dan bekatul dalam menghambat peroksidasi lipid serta efeknya terhadap organ pankreas, hati dan ginjal tikus hiperglikemik secara histopatologi. Tikus dibagi ke dalam 7 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, formulasi ekstrak angkak bekatul kelompok I, II, III dan IV (20:1400, 40:700, 30:1050, dan 60:2100 mg/kg BB). Parameter pengujian yang dilakukan adalah konsentrasi malondialdehid (MDA) dan aktivitas enzim aminotransferase (ALT/AST) serum darah tikus dan histopatologi organ pankreas, hati dan ginjal. Campuran terbaik dalam menghambat pembentukan MDA dan peningkatan enzim ALT/AST adalah kelompok III dengan konsentrasi MDA (3,.31±0,.53 nmol/ml) dan aktivitas enzim ALT (35,.80±5,.63 U/l) tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol normal (4,.85±2,.32 nmol/ml) dan (27,.85±8,.13), sementara aktivitas enzim AST (67,.221±16,.05) mengalami penurunan namun berbeda nyata dengan kontrol normal (4,.365±0,.00). Kondisi histopatologi organ pankreas, hati, dan ginjal tikus semua kelompok perlakuan menunjukkan kemampuan dalam memperbaiki kerusakan organ. Kesimpulannya, campuran angkak dan bekatul 30:1050 mg/kg BB memiliki kemampuan terbaik dalam meghambat peroksidan lipid.Angkak and Rice Bran Extract to Prevent Lipid Peroxidation in Spague-Dawley Rats HyperglycemicAbstractAngkak and rice bran is a functional food that has potential as a therapeutic agent to control blood sugar. This potential is due to the content of natural antioxidants in red yeast rice and rice bran. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of angkak and rice bran extract as lipid peroxidation inhibition. The effect on the pancreatic, liver and kidney organs in hyperglycemic rats by histopatological study was also analyzed. Rats were divided into 7 groups namely normal control group, negative control, positive control, rice bran extract formulation on gorup I, II, III, IV (20: 1400, 40: 700, 30: 1050, and 60: 2100 mg/kg BW). The analysis parameters carried out were the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activity of the serum alanine/aspartat aminotransferase (ALT/AST) enzymes and rat histopathology of pancreatic, liver and kidney organs. The best mixture of angkak and rice bran to inhibit the formation of MDA and increase the ALT/AST enzyme was group III with MDA concentration (3,.31±0.,53 nmol/ml) and ALT enzyme activity (35.,80±5,.63 U/l) was not significantly different from normal control (4,.85±2,.32 nmol/ml) and (27.,85±8,.13), while the enzyme activity of AST (67,221±16,.05) decreased but was significantly different from normal controls (4,365±0,.00). Histopathological conditions of pancreatic, liver, and kidney organs of rats in all treatment groups showed the ability to repair damaged organs. In conclusion, the mixture of red yeast rice and rice bran 30:1050 mg/kg BW had the best ability to inhibit lipid antioxidants.