A 35-year-old woman presented with spotting and lower abdominal pain. Follow-up sonography was suggestive of interstitial ectopic pregnancy. Laparoscopic cornuostomy was carried out. Before incision, diluted vasopressin was injected around the site of interstitial pregnancy. Removal of the conceptual tissues was conducted smoothly through a 1.5 cm incision. The overall blood loss was 50 mL. The operative time was 50 min, and there were no intraoperative complications. We successfully performed laparoscopic cornuostomy, which was followed by an unremarkable postoperative course. Laparoscopic surgery is a safe and effective minimally invasive surgical intervention for interstitial ectopic pregnancy if performed by the experienced surgeon. Local vasopressin injection is a good alternative for bleeding control in conservative laparoscopic surgery.

Background: The world's population has been growing exponentially, however, currently the choices for male contraception are limited. This review explores ongoing researches on male contraceptives. Method: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar on March 2015. Results: There are 15 research done on non-hormonal male contraceptives, 2 of which are already widely used and the other 2 are undergoing clinical trials. Hormonal contraceptives are provided in two regiments, testosterone alone, and testosterone with progestins. Currently, no hormonal contraceptives are available for men. Conclusion: There are a variety of possible methods for male contraception. Nonhormonal methods, such as RISUG and Gandarusa are sent through clinical trials, and may be available in the near future. There are still no hormonal contraceptives for men that are ready for use.

AbstrakLatar belakang: Penggunaan implan levonorgestrel sebagai metode kontrasepsi telah mengalami perubahan dari enam batang pada metode awal hingga dua batang pada metode terbaru dan telah terbukti efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektifitas pemakaian satu batang implan (Monoplant®) dengan mengukur kadar levonorgestrel serum dan kualitas mukus serviks.Metode: Sebanyak 30 wanita sehat, usia 20-40 tahun, terbukti fertil, dilakukan pemasangan susuk levonorgestrel satu batang. Pemeriksaan kadar levonorgestrel selanjutnya dilakukan setiap bulan dan pemeriksaan kekentalan lendir serviks dilakukan setiap tiga bulan, hingga bulan keenam.Hasil: Konsentrasi levonorgestrel serum secara konsisten berada di atas kadar minimal efektif (200 pg/mL), masingmasing pada bulan ketiga, keempat, kelima dan keenam adalah 338,9 pg/mL, 424,8 pg/mL, 320,3 pg/mL, dan 337,5 pg/mL. Hampir seluruh akseptor (96,7%) mengalami kekentalan lendir serviks yang baik sejak bulan ketiga setelah pemasangan susuk.Kesimpulan: Kadar serum levonorgestrel pemakai susuk satu batang (Monoplant®) hingga bulan keenam masih di atas kadar efektif kontrasepsi. Kekentalan lendir serviks meningkat segera setelah pemasangan susuk. Hal ini menggambarkan bahwa implan levonorgestrel tunggal efektif sebagai suatu metode kontrasepsi. AbstractBackground: The use of levonorgestrel implants as a contraceptive method have undergone changes in the number of implants used, beginning from six rods in the early methods to two rods in the present method and have been proven effective. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of single rod implant (Monoplant®) by measuring serum levonorgestrel concentration and cervical mucus quality.Methods: Thirty healthy women, aged 20-40 year old, and have been proven fertile, underwent single rod implant insertion. Levonorgestrel serum levels was measured every month and cervical mucus viscosity was examined every three month, until six months.Results: Levonorgestrel serum concentration was consistently above minimum effective level (200 pg/mL), from month 3 to 6 respectively 338.9 pg/mL, 424.8 pg/mL, 320.3 pg/mL, and 337.5 pg/mL. Almost all of the acceptors (96.7%) had good cervical mucus viscosity since three months following implant insertion. Conclusion:Levonorgestrel serum concentration in Monoplant® users was still above minimum contraceptive level until the sixth month. Viscosity of cervical mucus increased immediately following implant insertion. This indicates that single rod levonorgestrel implant is effective as a contraceptive method.