The risk of cancer continues to increase 15-20 years after transplantation. The identification of splenectomy as a new risk factor, even several years after this immunosuppression strategy has been abandoned, demonstrates that the risk of immunosuppression may take years to become manifest. Efforts to reduce immunosuppression, particularly for patients > or =45 years of age at transplant, along with a greater effort to discourage cigarette smoking, may help reduce the risk of cancer after renal transplantation. cer in a cohort of patients with long-term follow-up. Although this is a retrospective study, the ongoing, continuous follow-up of these patients has made it possible to accurately assess the incidence of invasive malignancy.

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