The Vietnamese government has set the task of creating a prosperous people and a strong, democratic society, a just and civilized country. This task cannot be achieved without a sound domestic policy that includes the fight against anti-social phenomena such as domestic drunkenness, chronic alcoholism, and drug addiction as an essential component, which create the ground for criminogenic behavior. The Objective of the study is to study the basic acts of Vietnamese legislation on the regulation of the prevention of deviant behavior among alcoholics and drug addicts and the resocialization of persons who committed crimes and are in prison, as well as those released from them. The general methodological basis is represented by the dialectical method, which allowed studying the research object in development to establish the corresponding cause-and-effect relationships. The authors used general scientific methods, including analysis and synthesis, induction, and deduction methods, to obtain reliable and scientifically significant results. Attention is drawn to the specific methods of resocialization combined with methadone treatment for drug addicts in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, the conditions and regime of such treatment, and specific individuals’ responsibilities. In the twenty-first century, there are gradual changes in the worldview of the political leadership and the legal practice of Vietnam concerning people with addictions that can be treated and corrected. This has led to the adoption of evidence-based resocialization methods, particularly the use of methadone substitution therapy for drug addicts. Russian scientists are actively engaged in the problem of resocialization in the context of Russian criminal law issues. This article is the first to raise the issue of the Vietnamese approach, information about which is taken from sources in the Vietnamese language.