This research was carried out to make a difference and to predict genetic distance some sheep that are genetically related to each other based on the body size measurements. Nineteen bodies size of 323 sheeps of five sheep breeds; namely Barbados Black Belly Cross (BC), Garut Local (GL), Garut Composite (GC), Sumatra Composite (SC) and St. Croix Cross (SCC) were measured. Analysis of variance and canonical discriminant analysis, Mahalanobis distance, plotting canonical and dendogram were performed using PROC GLM, PROC CANDISC, PROC CLUSTER and PROC TREE of SAS software ver. 9.0. Index Length, Width Slope, Depth Slope, Balance and Cumulative Index of GC sheep were significantly higher than the four other breeds. Canonical discriminant analysis successfully could differentiate among the five sheep breeds. All five breed were divided into two groups: the first group consisted of SCC, SC and BC; and the second group consisted of the GL and GC. The results of genetic distance estimation showed that the SCC had a value of sheep genetic distance closest to SC (10.83) and BC (27.98), while GL had the closest distance to GC (66.60). The tail width, horn base circumference, horn length (canonical 1) and variable length of the tail and body length (canonical 2) were the breed differentiation variable in this study.

Bali cattle are one of Indonesian native cattle's that famous for their ability to adapt to tropical harsh conditions. For the last 25 years, indiscriminate crossbreeding using artificial insemination (AI) organizing mainly by government might be has contaminated the purity of Bali cattle. In order to utilize as well as to conserve Bali cattle it is necessary to develop an accurate and simples method to detect the purity of Bali cattle. This experiment is the continuation of a long term experiments in developing methods to detect the purity of Bali cattle i.e. phenotypic variations, blood protein polymorphisms, hair structure, chromosome and DNA microsatellite variation analyses. The specificity of HEL9 and INRA035 microsetellites in Bali cattle as well as in Banteng (Bos sondaicus) as their ancestor was tested. The results show that A and B alleles at INRA035 microsatellite locus are monomorphic and can be used for a specific markers for Bali cattle. Allele A at locus HEL9 that has high frequency (92.90%) in Bali cattle and 100% in Banteng can also be used as a supporting marker.

Background: The development of local Bali cattle in ex-situ areas allow for the formation of new qualitative phenotypic characteristics. The aim of this study is to characterize Bali cattle that have been created in Jambi Province’s ex-situ environment in several of rearing areas. Methods: A research sample of 478 Bali cattle from Muaro Jambi (MJB) district, Sarolangun (SLG) district, Tanjung Jabung Timur (TJT) District, Jambi City (KJB) and PTPN VI were surveyed. The qualitative phenotype characteristic observed were pattern of head color, dominant head color, inner-ear color, forehead color, side-lip color, horn shape, body-color pattern, dominant body color, back-line color, under-belly color, sock color, rump color and tail color. The frequency and percentage of each qualitative characteristic were calculated using the PROC FREQ function of SAS software version 9.0, resulting in a cross-tabulation of the qualitative characteristics observed in Bali cattle at various locations. Then, PROC CORESP performs multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) between the qualitative characteristics of the variables. The resulting plot depicts the graphical relationship between variables. Result: Research results based on sex showed that only white lower lip and black inner ear were characteristic of the head found to be common, while black backline, light-brown underbelly, white rump and black tail hair were common characteristics for the body. Head phenotype based on district showed that white lower lip and white-black inner ear could be found in male Bali cattle while white lower lip and abnormal horn characteristic could be found in females. Body characteristic analysis showed three-color pattern to be common in male Bali cattle while black backline, white feet and white rump were common characteristics found in females. These characteristics can therefore be seen as differentiating characteristics between sex and district of origin of Bali cattle.

Placing animals in cages with certain density and good grouping were two important aspects needed in intensive livestock production system to produce optimal production and animal welfare. The objective of this study was to examine effect of stocking density, breed and elapse of time on behaviour of newly regrouped, unacquainted adult rams from three sheep breeds i.e. Barbados Blackbelly Cross, Local Garut and Composite Garut, as possible factor causing variation in welfare status. Instantaneous scan sampling was used for recording sheep behaviour at three different stocking densities. Thirty-six adult rams were used in this research and divided into three groups (n = 12) on the basis of breed. At each stocking density four rams of the same breed were observed during two consecutive days. The recorded behaviours were agonistic-, self-care-, exploratory-, aberrant-, mating-, locomotive-and standing behaviour. The results showed that during the entire experiment agonistic behaviour was observed at the highest frequency. Stocking density was found to have a significant effect on exploratory-, locomotive-and standing behaviour. The effect of breed was found to cause significant differences in agonistic-, self-care-, aberrant-and mating behaviour. Significant differences were also found between day 1 and day 2 of regrouping for agonistic-, exploratory, self-care-and mating behaviour. It is concluded that the three breeds do differ in their behavioural reactions to different stocking density levels and time needed for adaptation after regrouping.

ABSTRAKPuastuti W, Yulistiani D, Handiwirawan E. 2017. Suplementasi molases dan asam amino bercabang pada tongkol jagung amoniasi sebagai pakan ruminansia untuk meningkatkan kecernaan in vitro. JITV 22(4): 179-187. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10. 14334/jitv.v22i4.1664 Tongkol jagung memiliki kandungan serat kasar dan lignin yang tinggi sehingga menyebabkan kecernaan nutriennya rendah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kecernaan tongkol jagung (TJ) amoniasi melalui suplementasi molases dan asam amino bercabang (BCAA) valin, leusin dan isoleusin. Tongkol jagung diolah dengan penambahan urea 3%. Uji in vitro tahap pertama dilakukan dengan 4 taraf molases 0, 5, 10 dan 15% dari bahan kering (BK) TJ. Percobaan dilakukan dengan RAL 4 perlakuan yang diulang 4 kali. Uji in vitro tahap kedua, suplementasi valin = V, leusin = L dan isoleusin = I dengan taraf masing-masing 0,1 dan 0,2% dari BK TJ amoniasi. Terdapat 8 perlakuan yaitu A = V0,1 L0,1 I0,1; E = V0,2 L0,1 I0,1; B = V0,1 L0,1 I0,2; F = V0,2 L0,1 I0,2; C = V0,1 L0,2 I0,1; G = V0,2 L0,2 I0,1; D = V0,1 L0,2 I0,2; H = V0,2 L0,2 I0,2 dan 1 kontrol (V0,0 L0,0 I0,0). Percobaan dilakukan dengan RAL 9 perlakuan dan diulang 3 kali. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pengolahan TJ dengan urea mampu meningkatkan kadar protein sebesar 78% (3,34% menjadi 5,95%) sedangkan NDF menurun sebesar >15,4%, ADF sebesar 7,9% dan lignin 16,7%. Nilai kecernaan BK TJ amoniasi meningkat (P<0,05) sebesar 7,5% (41,9 vs 43,51-46,26%) dan NDF sebesar 17,7% (38,41 vs 43,76-46,31%) karena tambahan molases. Suplementasi BCAA menghasilkan kecernaan BK, BO dan NDF tertinggi (P<0,05) pada perlakuan A, C, D dan G. Kecernaan BK, BO dan NDF pada perlakuan G dibandingkan dengan I masing-masing sebesar 31,4%, 27,5% dan 36,5% serta menghasilkan populasi bakteri total rumen tertinggi sebesar 12,4 x 10 9 koloni/ml. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kecernaan TJ amoniasi meningkat melalui suplementasi molases 5% dan kombinasi BCAA yang terdiri dari valin 0,2%, leusin 0,2% dan isoleusin 0,1%. ABSTRACTPuastuti W, Yulistiani D, Handiwirawan E. 2017. Supplementation of molasses and branched-chain amino acid to increase in vitro digestibility of ammoniated corn cob in ruminants feed. JITV 22(4): 179-187. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v22i4.1664Corn cob contains high fiber and lignin which causes low nutritive value. The objective of the study was to improve the digestibility of ammoniated corn cob (CC) by supplementation of molasses and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA: valine, leucine and isoleucine). CC was processed by addition 3% urea. The first stage of in vitro test was done with 4 levels of molases 0, 5, 10 and 15% of dry matter (DM) of CC. The experiment was carried out using complete randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The second stage was also in vitro study of supplementation of two levels each for valine = V, leucine = L and isoleucine = I namely 0.1 and 0.2% of DM of ammoniated CC. There were 8 treatments combination of the BCAA as follow: A = V0.and 1 control (V0.0 L0.0 I0.0). The ex...