An investigation has been carried out to determine the optical properties of Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) thin films, with different chemical composition, namely Ba0.25Sr0.75TiO3 and Ba0.75Sr0.25TiO3. BST thin films that were prepared by the Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) method and was coated on an Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) substrate using the Spin Coating method at a speed of 3000 rpm for 30 seconds. BST thin films have been characterized using optical microscopy, UV-vis spectrophotometer and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results obtained that the thickness of BST thin films with the composition of Ba0.25Sr0.75TiO3 and Ba0.75Sr0.25TiO3 were 42.7 μm and 28.152 μm respectively, the refractive index value of 2.31 and 2.30 respectively, and they had the gap energy of 3.4 eV and 3.3 eV respectively. From the data obtained data with notes using the same method and treatment, thin film with the chemical structure composition of Ba0.75Sr0.25TiO3 was declared superior for the usageas photodiode sensors.
IntisariMetode geolistrik (tahanan jenis) merupakan metode geofisika yang sangat popular dan sering digunakan baik dalam survey geologi maupun eksplorasi. Hal ini disebabkan karena metode geolistrik sangat bagus untuk mengetahui kondisi atau struktur geologi bawah permukaan berdasarkan variasi tahanan jenis batuannya, terutama untuk daerah yang mempunyai kontras tahanan jenis yang cukup jelas terhadap sekitarnya, misalnya untuk keperluan eksplorasi air tanah, panasbumi (geothermal). Penyelidikan panasbumi daerah Mataloko dengan menggunakan metode tahanan listrik konfigurasi Schlumberger, menunjukkan bahwa daerah tersebut mempunyai potensi struktur panasbumi yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai tahanan jenis yang relatif kecil. Hasil pemodelan inversi dengan menggunakan program IPI2WIN diperoleh model perlapisan bumi yang cukup bagus dengan eror dibawah 5% untuk setiap titik sounding. True section kedua lintasan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat lapisan yang bersifat konduktif dengan resistivitas < 5 Ωm pada kedalaman sekitar 800 m -1000 m yang diperkirakan sebagai lapisan penudung dan lapisan dibawahnya (>1000 m) yang bersifat agak resistif (10 Ωm -100 Ωm) yang diperkirakan sebagai reservoir dari sumber panasbumi daerah Mataloko.KATA KUNCI: geolistrik, tahanan jenis, Schlumberger, true section I. PENDAHULUANSumber daya alam panasbumi dewasa ini menjadi salah satu sumber energi alternatif yang banyak dikembangkan di banyak negara di dunia. Hal ini mengingat semakin sedikitnya cadangan minyak bumi yang tersedia yang selama ini menjadi sumber energi primadona. Tidak terkecuali Indonesia berusaha mengembangkan sumber energi panasbumi sebagai sumber energi alternatif. Fakta menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia merupakan daerah yang berpotensi akan sumber daya alam, termasuk sumber daya panasbumi. Diperkirakan Indonesia mempunyai potensi sumber daya sekitar 20.000 MW sumber panasbumi. Sampai saat ini baru sekitar 3,04% dari sumber daya yang ada atau kurang dari 1000 MW yang sudah dieksplorasi [1], sehingga perlu dilakukan penyelidikan lebih lanjut untuk pemanfaatan sumber daya panasbumi yang cukup potensial tersebut.Metode geolistrik merupakan salah satu metode geofisika yang sangat popular dan sering digunakan baik dalam survey geologi maupun eksplorasi. Hal ini disebabkan karena metode geolistrik sangat bagus untuk mengetahui kondisi atau struktur geologi bawah permukaan berdasarkan variasi tahanan jenis batuannya. Terutama untuk daerah yang mempunyai kontras tahanan jenis yang cukup jelas terhadap sekitarnya, seperti untuk keperluan eksplorasi panasbumi. *
Kupang is the capital of the Indonesian province of Nusa Tenggara Timur, and has an estimated population in 2019 of 434,972. It is the biggest city and port on the island of Timor. The needs for groundwater is urgent in Kupang. The geology of Kupang is located on the Batu Gamping Koral Formation which composed by coral limestone, which is physically barren and dry. So that local residents often have some problems with water availability. Therefore, needed the information about potential and depth of groundwater aquifers in the area. Measurement of the Wenner configuration 2D resistivity method has been carried out to identify the subsurface to determine the potential for groundwater. Inversion were performed using the method of Least-Square Smoothness Constraint. The result of the interpretation shows that the subsurface resistivity value in the area ranges from 0.4-13.108 Ω m, and groundwater aquifer potential lies at trajectories KPG 01, 02, 03, 04, 14, 15. In the Batu Gamping Koral Formation there is groundwater potential in depth between 0-85 m with a resistivity value of 25.6-205 Ω m, and its constituent rocks are limestone sand and sand. In the Alluvium Formation, the groundwater potential in depth between 0-20 m with resistivity value of 25.6-410 Ω m, and its constituent rock is sand. Whereas in Bobonoro Formation, there is no groundwater potential.
The basic difference between the Industrial revolution 4.0 and society 5.0 is that in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 technology and computers are used in all human activities, while the era of society 5.0 is an era in which technology becomes a part of humans themselves. The internet is no longer a source of information, but is used to live life. To prepare the young generation to face all the challenges that arise in the era of industrial revolution 4.0 and society 5.0, it is necessary to work hard for educational institutions to educate their students to be ready to face the changing times, and this must start from the most basic level of education, namely at elementary school level (SD and SMP). For this reason, this community service program was arranged, namely improving the quality of education by providing robotic learning training for supervisory teachers and elementary school (SD) students so that they become a generation ready to face all the challenges of the industrial revolution era 4.0 and the society 5.0 era
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