Introduction: Gallbladder stones are commonest disorder among gall bladder lesions and are usually asymptomatic. Its frequency in cholecystectomy specimens is not clear. The aim of this study was to report the morphological variants and frequency of different lesions in cholecystectomy specimens. Objective: To study the various histopathological spectrum of gall bladder lesions. Materials and Methods: In present study we have studied total 141 cases of gall bladder lesion during the period of 6 months from April 2017 to October 2017 in the Dept. of Pathology at Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda. Results: Benign lesions of gall bladder outnumbered the malignant ones with non-neoplastic lesions accounting for 93.6% (132 cases) with chronic calculous cholecystitis contributing the majority of the non-neoplastic lesions (49.64%) followed by cholesterolosis (22.69%), acalculous cholecystitis (4.96%), followed by gangrenous and xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. Females were predominantly affected in the present study with total 107 cases out of 141 cases-75.8% cases. Most of the non-neoplastic lesions of the gall bladder lesions are common in 3rd, 4th and 5th decades of life. Neoplastic lesions of the gall bladder were common in 5th, 6th and 7th decades of life. Out of 141 cases 5 cases are of adenocarcinoma of gall bladder-3.5% of all cases. The mean age of patient with adenocarcinoma of gall bladder is 60.8 years. Conclusion: Gall bladder lesions were common indication for surgical intervention and pathological evaluation. Most of them were inflammatory lesions with cholelithiasis, however thorough examination is important as these lesions may progress to fatal malignancies.

Primary prostate sarcoma is a rare malignancy of the prostate with poor prognosis. It accounts for <1% of the tumors of the prostate. Leiomyosarcoma is the most common sarcoma involving the prostate in adults affecting men between the ages of 40 and 78 years. Tumor cells commonly express vimentin, smooth muscle actin and desmin, and up to 25% express cytokeratins.

Background:The resistance to antimicrobial agents among Staphylococci is an increasing problem. Clinical laboratories should perform D test routinely to guide the clinicians about the inducible clindamycin resistance and to prevent misuse of antibiotics. Aims: Study aimed to isolates the Inducible and Constitutive clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus in various clinical samples. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the performance of disk diffusion method in 183 Staphylococci aureus strains obtained from various clinical samples of the patients collected from September 2018 to February 2020 at a tertiary care centre, Meerut. Result: Inducible clindamycin resistance was tested by 'D test' as per CLSI guidelines. 142(77.6%) of S. aureus isolates were found to be methicillin resistant (MRSA) and 41 (22.4%) tested sensitive to cefoxitin i.e., methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). Conclusion: Inducible resistance and constitutive resistance were found to be higher in MRSA as compared to MSSA). The D test method showed to be simple and easy in the detection of inducible (iMLS B ) and constitutive clindamycin resistance (cMLS B ).

Malignant melanoma is a potentially aggressive tumor of melanocytic origin. Primary oral malignant melanoma is a rare neoplasm, accounting for 0.5% of all oral malignancies. We report a case of 44yr old male patient who presented with a painful pigmented nodule involving the palate and histologically showing a spindle cell type of Melanoma.