BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and a major cause of mortality among women. Breast self-examination (BSE) is a key technique for early diagnosis of breast cancer, which, along with lifestyle changes, can alleviate the risk of mortality. This study aimed to examine the effect of self-care training programs on lifestyle change and BSE of immigrant Afghan women residing in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this quasi-experimental study, 140 immigrant Afghan women visiting health-care centers in Shiraz (Iran) were selected via convenience sampling during 2019–2020. The data were collected using a lifestyle questionnaire, a demographic information checklist, and a BSE checklist. Following the pretest, the experimental group received three sessions of self-care training and took the posttest 2 months after the intervention. The control group did not receive any intervention, but took the same posttest 2 months after the pretest. Data analysis was performed using paired and independent t -test and Chi-squared test in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 22. RESULTS: The post-intervention level of knowledge and performance of the experimental group significantly increased in terms of a healthy lifestyle ( P < 0.001) and performance of BSE ( P < 0.001) compared to the control group. The intervention also had a significant positive effect ( P < 0.000) on all dimensions of lifestyle. CONCLUSION: Self-care training for lifestyle and BSE can promote the prevention and early diagnosis of breast cancer in immigrant Afghan women who have limited access to health care.