No abstract

Forgiveness is increasingly popular in therapy as a way to facilitate healing, but there are definitional discrepancies and confusion regarding the degree to which it is conceptualized as either an interpersonal/ relational or an independent/self-enhancing process. In this article forgiveness is conceptualized as an interpersonal process linked to apology or contrition on the part of the offender. Yet it is also independent. A model is described that was developed for the benefit of abuse victims whose offenders will not or cannot apologize. Using the model, victims can accomplish for themselves what would be accomplished for them through an apology.

No abstract

Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory scores for adult female victims of childhood incest who sought therapy were significantly different from the scores of adult women who sought therapy but were not incest victims. Implications for treatment are discussed.