Proper nutrition is not only a biological but also a social, economic, and political issue. Insufficient intake of essential elements may result in the occurrence of hidden hunger and metabolic disorders. Some regions of the world are characterized by a lack of certain nutrients in the environment which leads to their lack in plant and animal products. The most common problem is a deficiency of iodine and selenium. To solve this problem, the government takes various measures, such as direct inclusion of necessary additives in food products, as well as the modernization of technological process of crop and livestock production. In this chapter, the authors analyze the provision of the population in various countries and regions with limiting nutrients. The study specifically aims at exploring the issues of production and trade in fortified (modified) food products that can directly fill in the lack of essential elements in particular territories.

Rabbit as one of the species of farm animals has a number of advantages: precocity, prolificacy, low expenditures on housing and feeding, high payback of feed production. The purpose of the research was to study the economic and biological characteristics and product quality of rabbits of different origin. Comprehensive research has been carried out under the environments of LLC “ACRO” in the Omsk region. Four experimental groups have been formed for research: the 1st group included animals four purebred females and one purebred male of White Giant breed; the 2nd group included four purebred females and one purebred male of California breed; the 3rd group included four purebred females of White Giant breed and one purebred male of California breed; the 4st group included four purebred females of California breed and one purebred male of White Giant breed. The maximum level of profitability of rabbit production has been obtained in the group of animals obtained from direct crossbreeding of White Giant and California breeds – 22,7 % (the 3rd group). This figure was higher by 9,6 % then in the group’s purebred animals of breed White Giant (the 1st group), 4,6 % then in group of animals obtained from the backcrossing breeds of California and White Giant (the 4st group) and 3,2 % then in group of purebred animal of the breed of California (2nd group). It has been found as a result of the conducted research that crossbreds obtained from direct crossbreeding of White Giant and California breeds have been superior to purebred herdmates of White Giant and California breeds, as well as animals obtained from backcrossing of California and White Giant breeds in terms of growth rate, formation characteristics, slaughter indicators and economic efficiency of rabbit production.

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The material presents the results of the analysis of the domestic market of feed additives for cows registered for use in Russia. It gives a brief overview of modern feed additives recorded in the state register following the international classification. Feed additives produced for cattle occupy an extensive segment among the entire range of registered feed additives - 54.3%. Among them, the zootechnical group occupies the largest part, it is 62.4%, followed by the technological group - 21.6%, then the nutritional group has 11.5%, and the group of flavouring (sensory) additives has 4.5%. Along with the use of synthetic feed additives, the authors emphasized the need to use additives of plant and natural origin in animal husbandry as a physiological source of biologically active substances closest to the animal organism, which allows obtaining environmentally friendly products of animal origin. They proposed a classification of feed additives according to the type of action on the body of cattle: affecting the functions of the central nervous system; affecting the processes of tissue metabolism; affecting mineral metabolism and the function of the musculoskeletal system; supporting functions of the immune system; affecting oxidation processes and energy metabolism; supporting functions of the digestive system; affecting lactation; affecting the detoxification process and contributing to the elimination of foreign and toxic substances from the body. The article systematizes the main indications for the use of FA: metabolic diseases - ketosis, hepatosis, myocardial dystrophy, alimentary dystrophy, osteodystrophy; immunodeficiencies; dysbiosis; intoxication.