SUMMARY BackgroundThe long-term efficacy of adalimumab in patients with ulcerative colitis is not well known.

Treatment with CyA showed a lower rate of SAE and a similar efficacy to that of IFX thereby supporting the use of either CyA or IFX in SR-ASUC. In addition, the risk-benefit of sequential CyA-IFX for CyA non-responders is acceptable.

Our results underline that an anti-tobacco strategy mostly based on CD patients's education and counseling is feasible and effective in helping patients reach complete abstinence.

In the era of early and widespread use of immunosuppressants and biologics, tobacco exposure is an independent predictor of need for maintenance treatment, specifically biologic therapy. The wider use of biologics and immunosuppressants could account for the existence of no major differences in disease behavior and complications between nonsmokers and current smokers.

No abstract