The relevance of the research problem lies in the determination of the foundations of structural-level concept of self-regulation of personality in realization of professional activity and possibilities of its interpretation in the practice of management. The goal of the article is in the description of component and structural-level constituents of the self-regulation psychological system of successful professional activity, development of the concept of "successful self-regulation of professional activity" on the basis of the explication of the relations between levels of the system. The leading approach and methodological basis for the study of this problem is the systemogenesis concept of professional activity, the concept of self-regulation and implicit theories of professional success of personality. The theoretical background for the design of psychological structural-level regulation system to achieve success in professional activities and the grounds for its level structure are revealed in the article; a methodological apparatus for the diagnosis of successful self-regulation of professional activity is developed, reliability of the theoretical model of the structural-level concept of self-regulation is proven. The experimental part of the study describes the structure and levels of psychological system of self-regulation of successful professional activity, the content of which meets the basic positions of the psychological theory of professional activities. The article can be used in the context of professional coaching for career growth and professional development of managers and specialists in the sphere of management.