Despite several limitations, the results of the study have shown that HA injection and oral administration may have beneficial therapeutic effects on patients with early osteoarthritis. Different outcomes in younger and older subject suggested a combined therapy first with local infiltrations and then with oral composition.

The incidence and severity of heterotopic ossification (HO) in two homogeneous groups of patients that received surface replacement arthroplasty (SRA) and conventional total hip arthroplasty (THA) were evaluated retrospectively. Thirty-nine patients undergoing 42 hip resurfacing procedures and 41 primary cementless THAs through an anterolateral approach received a 10-day course of 150 mg/die of indomethacin postoperatively. The median surgical time was 190 minutes and 156 minutes, respectively (P < 0.003). At a minimum 1-year followup, the development of HO was assessed on standard X-ray using Brooker grading. Ectopic bone formation was detected in five cases (11.9%, two Brooker grade I and three grade II) in the SRA group and in 14 hips (34.1%, 12 grade I and two grade II) treated with conventional THA, but the difference was not significant (P < 0.11). No clinically relevant periprosthetic ossification (Brooker III or IV) occurred in both groups. Although the difference was not statistically significant, the incidence of HO after SRA was lower than conventional THA. More extensive soft tissue trauma, bone debris, and longer operative time in hip resurfacing are not likely to be absolute risk factors for HO. Further investigations including larger patient populations are needed to confirm these findings.

CBCT is an imaging technique consisting of X-ray computed tomography, in which the x-rays are divergent, forming a cone.During 2015, a new model of CBCT, New Tom 5G XL (Verona), was used in the Radiology Department of The University of Verona, in collaboration with the Orthopaedics Department. Our study was carried out from October 2015 to October 2016 (198 patients). We compared CBCT with standard x-ray in the diagnosis of foot and anke fractures (and Lisfranc lesions), tibial plateau fractures, wrist and scaphoid fractures, elbow fractures.All patients were analyzed, of which 143 were positive or had documented bone lesions, while 55 were with no fractures seen.Of the 55 negative patients, 19 were considered positive at Standard RX, thus in 34.5% of cases the X-ray Standard examination overestimated the disease (false positive cases).Similarly, of the 143 positive patients, 21 were negative at RX, resulting in 14.6% of false negatives.We can say that if compared to standard X-ray, CBCT has higher sensitivity and specificity in the proper identification and typing of these kind of lesions, with low exposition dose if compared to MDCT.The most common rx-unrecognized fractures were in small bones of carpus and tarsus.

To support the global restart of elective surgery, data from an international prospective cohort study of 8492 patients (69 countries) was analysed using artificial intelligence (machine learning techniques) to develop a predictive score for mortality in surgical patients with SARS-CoV-2. We found that patient rather than operation factors were the best predictors and used these to create the COVIDsurg Mortality Score (https://covidsurgrisk.app). Our data demonstrates that it is safe to restart a wide range of surgical services for selected patients.

Prospective studies, Level II.