RESUMEN Este artículo presenta una selección hallazgos producto de dos investigaciones enmarcadas en una línea de trabajo que estudia la iniciación profesional en docentes principiantes. Ambos estudios-de naturaleza cualitativa-centran su interés en las dificultades percibidas por profesoras y profesores de educación básica durante sus primeros años de iniciación y explora el modo en que los contextos escolares acogen a estos jóvenes profesores en sus comienzos, facilitando u obstaculizando un periodo que se sabe es crítico para la configuración de identidad y el fortalecimiento de la vocación profesional. Los resultados muestran variaciones, más que un patrón evolutivo y homogéneo, asociadas a las oportunidades que la formación ofreció para problematizar el aula y el trabajo docente y a establecimientos escolares flexibles o burocráticos, que apoyan o presionan. Se concluye en torno la necesidad de diseñar programas de inducción y mentoría desde una perspectiva contextualizada, diversificada, evitando homogeneizar necesidades. Palabras clave: profesores principiantes, formación docente, dificultades en la enseñanza, inserción profesional, contexto escolar ABSTRACT This article presents a selection of findings obtained in two investigations from a research which studies the first period of working practice of recently graduated teachers. Both qualitative studies focus on the difficulties perceived by teachers from primary education during their first years as professionals, and explore the way how school contexts receive young new teachers facilitating or holding up their performance in a critical period of identity construction and strengthening of the vocation. Results show variations rather than a developmental and homogeneous pattern; this is associated with the opportunities offered by the teaching formation in terms of questioning the classroom and the teaching performance, and the schools as either flexible or bureaucratic supporting or putting pressure. The study concludes by posing the need to design induction and mentoring programs from a contextualized and diversified perspective, avoiding the homogenization of teachers' needs.
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