Environmental sustainability continues to attract global interest, especially due to the issue of climate change. The agri-food sector is considered a major contributor to climate change as processes and activities within the sector can negatively impact the environment. The recent changing dietary pattern towards increased vegetable consumption implies a consequent increase in production to meet demand. This study assessed the environmental performance of 1 kg of spinach/FU (Functional Unit) cultivated by different producers in Italy under integrated and organic farming systems. The life cycle assessment was used following the CML_IA impact assessment method. The data used was mainly primary, related to 2019/2020 (harvest period), and representative of the cultivation systems of central and southern Italy. From the results obtained, impact scores for central Italy were higher (e.g., for global warming 0.56 and 0.47 kg CO2 eq. for central and southern respectively). There was high variability among the scores obtained. However, no statistically significant differences were observed at a confidence level of 95% (p < 0.05). Integrated farming was also more impacting than organic for most categories (e.g., for global warming 0.20 kg CO2 eq. for integrated and 0.075 kg CO2 eq. for organic) in Cerignola, Puglia region. Emissions from fertilizer, pesticide, tillage, and combine harvesting were major contributors to impact shares. The results of this study will be helpful to ensure sustainable spinach production and consumption.

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Materia di questo libro è la domanda cautelare, ossia l’atto con cui il pubblico ministero introduce la questione incidentale de libertate. L’interesse per l’argomento consegue alla sempre più marcata centralità della vicenda cautelare, che a sua volta si alimenta della eccessiva durata del processo: la prontezza dell’intervento coercitivo e la corrispondenza fattuale tra custodia cautelare e pena detentiva sono alla base della – spesso inevitabile – percezione della cautela come unica forma di sanzione. Il lavoro esamina la richiesta del pubblico ministero sotto più punti di vista: le sue caratteristiche generali e di contenuto, la legittimazione a proporla, i rapporti con la decisione del giudice, l’individuazione di eventuali ostacoli alla sua presentazione. Attraverso una descrizione della domanda cautelare in termini di spiccata autonomia, l’autrice punta a ribadire la netta distinzione tra misura cautelare e pena, ponendo l’accento sulla centralità del periculum libertatis, nell’ottica di una maggiore effettività della presunzione d’innocenza.

This paper presents a study related with off-shore oil & gas production and processing facilities, where required energy, for electric power, mechanical power and process heat, is mostly produced using gas turbines, as the fuel source (natural gas) is available onsite. Since size and weight of all equipment on an offshore facility are critical, it becomes necessary for the facility engineering team to ensure that all equipment are sized and selected appropriately to obtain better return on the investment. Therefore, any approach which could help in utilizing energy resources effectively will influence the bottom-line of the project, namely reduced capital cost and/or increased return on investment. In this paper, one such approach of recovering power and thermal energy through the use of Organic Rankine Cycle system is discussed. A detailed thermo-economic analysis, conducted considering a system with four gas turbines operating, shows that power recovery equivalent to one topping gas turbine is achievable with a suitable working fluid. The presented thermo-economic analysis clearly shows that use of the Organic Rankine Cycle system for waste heat recovery is a technically viable and economically attractive solution for the offshore applications.

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