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Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of benign or malignant nodular thyroid disease affects levels of circulating angiogenesis cytokines. Methods In this study we investigated levels of angiopoietin – 1 and − 2 (Ang-1 and Ang-2 respectively), vascular endothelial growth factor –A (VEGF-A), galectin-3 (Gal-3), urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and plasminogen activation inhibitor – 1 (PAI-1) in 40 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), 45 with thyroid papillary microcarcinoma (mPTC), 53 patients with multinodular goiter (MNG) and 58 controls. Six months after surgery 28 patients resubmitted blood samples. Results: Statistically significant lower levels of Ang-1 were observed in DTC, mPTC and MNG patients compared to controls (p < .05, p < .05 and p < .001 respectively). No significant differences were observed in the levels of the other factors. A significant increase in Ang-1 levels (p < .05) was documented in the subset of patients that underwent thyroidectomy. Thyroidectomy did not influence levels of the other factors. Conclusion Our results suggest an association between low levels of Ang-1 and the presence of underlying benign or malignant nodular thyroid disease., while levels of the other studied cytokines are not associated.