Cardiac SNs are strong regulators of the cardiomyocyte size via β2-AR-dependent repression of proteolysis, demonstrating that the neuro-cardiac axis operates constitutively for the determination of the physiological cardiomyocyte size. These results are of great clinical relevance given the role of β-AR in cardiovascular diseases and their modulation in therapy.

End-diastolic AAoD measured using IE were significantly smaller than those obtained either using LE convention or at end-systole. Gender-specific reference values for AAoD indexed for BSA should be used to identify ascending aorta pathology.

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In patients with OMR, MA reduced function correlates with the MR severity and the LA size and function, but not with the LV function.