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SUMMARYThe aims of this study were to describe wood color of Acacia melanoxylon with CIE color system and to analyze color variation between sapwood and heartwood among sites. Twenty trees were selected at four sites in Buenos Aires Province (Argentine). Destructive sampling was done, and one disc was taken at the base. Each disc was cut in radial boards (2 cm thick) and four zones were demarcated: sapwood, two transitions zones (or external heartwood) and central heartwood. The parameters x, y, Luminance, dominant wavelength (DWL) and purity excitation (EP) were measured. The x, y and DW values differed among sites; although for luminance and EP no difference was found. Differences between sapwood and heartwood values were remarkable for all the variables. Sapwood and heartwood chromospheres were optically different. Sapwood color was light and varied between greenyellow zone and yellow saturated zone. Heartwood color predominates from yellow to saturated yellow orange. DWL ranges were 564-574 nm and low saturated (23-28%). Dispersion variables inside heartwood showed no relationship between external and central heartwood sectoring; therefore, three zones with similar optical properties would be considered as heartwood.Key words: CIE color system, color, sapwood, heartwood, Acacia melanoxylon. RESUMENLos objetivos de este trabajo fueron describir el color de la madera de Acacia melanoxylon con el sistema colorimétrico CIE, y analizar la variabilidad entre la albura y el duramen y entre los sitios de crecimiento. Se seleccionaron 20 árboles en cuatro sitios del sudeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Se realizó un muestreo destructivo, tomando una rodaja (10-15 cm espesor) en la base. De cada rodaja se cortaron tablas radiales y se demarcaron cuatro sectores diferentes: albura, dos zonas de transición (duramen externo) y el centro del duramen. Se determinaron los parámetros de las coordenadas colorimétricas "x", "y", luminosidad, longitud de onda dominante (DWL) y pureza de excitación (EP). Los valores de "x" e "y", y los de DWL variaron significativamente con el sitio, la luminosidad y la saturación del color, en cambio, no tuvieron diferencias con la localidad. Las diferencias entre los valores de duramen y albura fueron notables en todas las variables. Los cromóforos de la albura fueron ópticamente diferentes a los del duramen. Los colores de la albura resultaron claros variando de un verde-neutro-amarillento a un definido amarillo-parcialmente saturado. El duramen se extendió desde un bien definido amarillo parcialmente saturado al naranja más saturado. Las cotas DWL fueron 564-574 nm y la saturación fue baja (23-28%). La dispersión de las variables dentro del duramen no estuvo relacionada con la sectorización en duramen externo y duramen central, por lo que podría considerarse a las zonas de transición con la albura y a la zona central del duramen como de similares propiedades ópticas.Palabras clave: sistema CIE, color, albura, duramen, Acacia melanoxylon. INTRODUCCIÓNDesde hace más de un siglo...

The European Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) came into force in 1996. In 2010, the EU Parliament approves the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) that abrogates the IPPC directive. This directive lays down measures designed to regulate emissions arising from the activities of large European industries which recorded a constant decrease from 1990 to 2011. This trend refers especially to SOx/SO2 partly because of some technical changes such as the use of natural gas in the 1990s instead of coal and lignite. We can state that the 2008-2009 crisis is the most serious, affecting not only production but also other key economic sectors such as energy consumption. The aim of this work is to discuss relevant topics such as the current situation of industrial emissions in Europe and the trend of the industrial emissions since the promulgation of the directive. We also discuss the directive's main application tools which are the best available techniques reference documents and the best available techniques that show some weakness. For instance, the "concentration approach" for measuring emissions does not comply with the environment and health problems, because it sets no limit to the production. We absolutely need to improve above mentioned tools if we want to reduce the emission of pollutants to acceptable levels, in spite of the European financial condition. The IPPC aimed at accelerating the reduction trend of the industrial emissions especially between 2000 and 2011. In conclusion, we still haven't found evidences of significant results of its implementation as the emissions behaviour is also strongly influenced by the economy. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht