Sexual dimorphic characteristics, which play an important role in human evolution studies and biological research, can be studied morphologically and metrically. Geometric morphometrics allows a better assessment of morphological characteristics. Statistical shape analysis has a long history in neuroanatomical and other research. The aim of this study was to identify shape differences of the corpus callosum between genders. Landmark coordinate data were collected from two-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging scans of 93 homogeneously aged patients, 45 men and 48 women. These data were analyzed using Euclidean distance matrix analysis and thin plate spline analysis. The general shape variability of the corpus callosum of men was greater than that of women (men, 0.134; women, 0.097). We found no significant difference between sexes in the general shape of the corpus callosum, but we did find significant differences in the distances between some landmarks. Deformation of the corpus callosum between men to women was mainly detected in the posterior of the corpus callosum. These results serve as a reference for future studies on shape alterations of the corpus callosum associated with certain conditions. Anat Rec, 290:825-830, 2007. 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: corpus callosum; sexual dimorphism; statistical shape analysis; geometric morphometrics; EDMAThe corpus callosum (CC) is the major commissural pathway between the brain hemispheres and plays an integral role in relaying sensory, motor, and cognitive information from homologous regions in the two hemispheres. Many neurological studies indicate that the size and shape of the CC are related to gender, age, and neurodegenerative diseases, among other factors. The sexual dimorphism of the CC has been reported from postmortem and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, but this conclusion has remained controversial since the original report by DeLacoste-Utamsing and Holloway (1982), who found that adult human women had a larger splenium.Statistical shape analysis, a relatively new method in biological research, compares body forms by using specific landmarks determined by anatomical prominences.

No abstract

ABSTRACT. Introduction: Meckel-Gruber Syndrome was first described by J R Meckel in 1822. It is an autosomal recessive disorder, and is caused by the failure of mesodermal induction. The typical triad of Meckel-Gruber Syndrome (MGS) involves meningo-encephalocele, polycystic kidneys and postaxial polydactyly. The worldwide incidence varies from 1 in 1.300 to 1 in 140.000 live births.Case: In this report, we present a case of MGS in which the diagnosis was made at 19 weeks of gestation based on ultrasonographic findings of the typical triad of the disease (encephalocele, polycystic kidneys, and polydactyly) These features were suggestive of the diagnosis of Meckel Gruber Syndrome (MGS). She had also placenta previa totalis. The patient was counselled regarding the lethal outcome of MGS. Unfortunately, the family did not approve the termination of pregnancy. At the 32nd week, she referred to hospital with complaints of vaginal bleeding and uterine contractions. An emergency cesarean section was perfomed due to plasental malposition. A 1380 gr, female fetus was delivered. First and 5th minute Apgar scores were 1 and 0, respectively. Consequently, the baby died after 45 minutes of neonatal resuscitation.Conclusıon: MGS is a lethal disorder. One cannot speak about survival of the fetus because of the pulmonary hypoplasia. The parents should be counseled about prognosis of the fetus and the outcome. Counselers should strictly give information about the recurrence risk for the next pregnancies.

Günümüzde düzenlenen gastronomi festivalleri hem yerel bölgelerin hem de turistlerin popüler cazibe unsuru haline gelmiştir. Ziyaretçilerin ilgi odağı haline gelen ve her geçen gün sayısında artış yaşanan gastronomi festivalleri yerel yiyecek ve içeceklerin tanıtılmasında ve destinasyonu ziyaret eden kişi sayısının artmasında önemli rol oynamaktadır. Türkiye'de en fazla gastronomi festivali düzenlenen bölge Ege Bölgesi'dir. Bu doğrultuda gastronomi festivali tercihinde ziyaretçilerin memnuniyet ve bağlılık düzeylerini etkileyen faktörlerin Ege Bölgesi örneğinde belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ege Bölgesi'ndeki festivaller ziyaret edilerek festivallere katılan ziyaretçilere anket uygulanarak nicel bir çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Beş gastronomi festivaline katılım sağlanmış olup 400 ziyaretçiden elde edilen verilerin analizinde Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi testi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre festival alanı faktörünün ziyaretçilerin memnuniyetini önemli ölçüde etkilediği görülmüştür. Ayrıca personel, bilgilendirme yeterliliği ve yiyecek içecek faktörünün az da olsa ziyaretçilerin memnuniyetini etkilediği; uygunluk faktörünün ise ziyaretçiler için önemli olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

of urinary tract injuries are sometimes seen (4, 5). However, it should be kept in mind in case of endometriosis and in adhesions secondary to infections (6). As in our case, more vaginal needle punctures can be required in endometriosis patients. Thus, we should be aware of possible injuries of adjacent organs, such as the bladder. Case Our patient was a 34-year-old female. She had primary infertility for six years. The etiology explained this condition as endometriosis. She had an endometrioma cyst excision history from the right side and poor ovarian reserve. The parameters of male factor were in normal range. Because of the poor ovarian reserve problem, she was enrolled for the in vitro fertilization program accordingly. The evaluation was carried out through physical examination and ultrasonography before her treatment. Her baseline total antral follicle count (AFC) was seven and her right ovary was found adherent to the posterior uterine wall. The size of the uterus was found to be normal, but it was adenomyotic. The hormonal assays were also carried out. Antagonist protocol was started with 375 IU dose of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on the second day of menstrual cycle. The antagonist was added on the seventh day and the stimulation was continued until the eleventh day. Afterwards, the recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was applied when the level of serum E2 was 705 and the leading follicle was 19 mm. The oocyte retrieval was performed vaginally by transvaginal ultra-sonographic guidance with empty bladder after