Objective: The objective of the research was to examine and evaluate rational drug uses of patients over 65 years of age referring to Primary Care Center. Methods: A questionnaire on the drug usage habits of elder patients prepared by making literature scanning and taking expert view was applied in the study to the participants accepting to join the study among patients over 65 years of age applying to Family Health Center. Results: A total of 291 patients including 127 males (43.6%) and 164 females (56.4%) over 65 years of age were included in the study. Mean age of the participants was found 72.76. Leftover drug keeping ratio of the participants at home was found as 53.3% (n=155). When unprescribed drug usage conditions of the participants were questioned, 60.8% (n=177) stated that they didn't use unprescribed drugs. Conclusions: Polypharmacy is an important health problem for elder individuals with the lengthening of average duration of life and increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases. Drug use for a wrong time and dose may cause conditions such as the lack of the effect which should be provided by the drugs, or occur more than expected or unexpected drug-nutrient interactions. Primary care physicians have an important role in disease and health phases of elder patients. Keywords: Aging, Drug therapy, Drug misuse, Continuous...

Purpose: This study aims to develop a scale that will measure individuals' perceptions of privacy, security, use, sharing, benefit and satisfaction in the digital health environment. Method: The research was carried out with 812 participants in the community. Expert opinion was obtained in the evaluation of the question items and a pilot study was conducted. Socio-demographic information form, a scale developed by the researcher, Norman and Skinner's e-Health Literacy Scale, Mobile Health and Personal Health Record Management Scale were used as data collection tools. Results: The variance explained by the scale is 60.43% in total. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, it was determined that the 20-item 5-factor structure had good fit values. According to the analysis of criterion validity, there is a significant positive correlation between Data Management Scale in Digital Health Environment and Norman and Skinner's e-Health Literacy Scale and Mobile Health and Personal Health Record Management Scale (p<0.01; r=.669, .378). The Cronbach's alpha value of the scale is .856 and the test-retest reliability coefficient is .909. Conclusion: The Data Management Scale in the Digital Health Environment is a valid and reliable measurement tool that will measure the individuals' perception of privacy, security, use, sharing, benefit and satisfaction in the digital health environment.

This study was aimed to measure the quality of health services which expected and perceived by adult patients who were referred to the health institution and to provide feedback to the institution. In the study, the Servqual scale developed by Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry in 1985 was used. The study was carried out on adult patients referred to a university hospital. The sample size of the study was determined as 552 persons. 565 patients participated in the study. Significance level was taken as p <0.05. Participants of the study were examined for their participation in the questionnaires and it was found that the perceptions of the quality of the health services of the patients differ from the Servqual scale sub-dimensions in terms of tangibles, responsiveness, assurance and empathy. It was also found that the expectations did not differ according to sub-dimensions. It is proposed that the institution should consider customer expectations for the quality perception in healthcare services and make the necessary changes as much as possible in the areas where the expectations are not provided.

Activity-based costing (ABC) is a method where the costing of the product or service produced is performed on the basis of the activities. This method provides advantages to healthcare managers such as more realistic cost information, elimination of indirect, unnecessary and time-consuming activities and performance measurement. The aim of this study is to examine the applicability of ABC method in health institutions and to compare the calculated costs with the HIN price list. With this aim, the costs of the procedure of IVF center in a university hospital were calculated with the ABC method. Cost calculations for the procedures of Oocyte Pick-Up (OPU), Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE), Embryo Transfer (ET) and Microinjection as discussed in the study were made with the ABC method and compared against the Healthcare Implementation Notification (HIN) system price lists. The calculated costs were determined according to the effective exchange rate of the dollar. It was revealed that the calculated costs differed from the price list. Finally, the findings suggest that ABC method could provide significant benefit for healthcare managers not only for to understand actual care costs but also to improving the cost control efforts as well as to planning the profitability analysis for hospitals. ABC method would provide a better opportunity and competitive for hospital managers to make a more accurate comparison between their and other health institutions.

Özet: Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye'deki sağlık harcamalarını alt bileşenleri ile birlikte yıllara göre incelemek ve sağlık harcaması trendlerini belirleyerek geleceğe ilişkin tahminlerde bulunmaktır. Bu amaçla Türkiye'deki toplam sağlık harcamaları, toplam sağlık harcamalarının gayri safi yurt içi hasılaya (GSYİH) oranı, kamu sağlık harcamalarının GSYİH'ye oranı, özel sağlık harcamalarının GSYİH'ye oranı, cari sağlık harcamalarının toplam sağlık harcamalarına oranı, sağlık yatırımı harcamalarının toplam sağlık harcamalarına oranı, ilaç harcamalarının toplam sağlık harcamalarına oranı, cepten yapılan sağlık harcamalarının toplam sağlık harcamalarına oranı ve kişi başı sağlık harcamaları incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın amacını gerçekleştirmek için ihtiyaç duyulan veriler OECD ve Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu gibi resmi kaynaklardan elde edilmiş olup verilerin değerlendirilmesinde "trend analizi" yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre; özel sağlık harcamalarının GSYİH'ye oranı, cari sağlık harcamalarının toplam sağlık harcamalarına oranı, ilaç harcamalarının toplam sağlık harcamalarına oranı ve cepten yapılan sağlık harcamalarının toplam sağlık harcamalarına oranına ilişkin trend eğimlerinin azalış yönünde; diğer değişkenlere ilişkin trend eğimlerinin ise artış yönünde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Abstract: This study aims to investigate the health expenditures in Turkey comparedto the year with the sub-components and make predictions about the future health expenditures by identifying trends. For this purpose, total health expenditure in Turkey, the ratio of total health expenditure to gross domestic product (GDP), the ratio of public health expenditure to GDP, the ratio of private health expenditure to GDP, the ratio of current health expenditure to total health expenditure, the ratio of health investment expenditure to total health expenditure, the ratio of drug expenditure to total health expenditure, the ratio of done health expenditure to total health expenditure and per capita health expenditure were examined. The data needed were obtained from official sources such as the OECD and the Turkey Statistical Institute, "trend analysis" method was used. According to the results of the study; the ratio of private health expenditure to GDP, the ratio of current health expenditure to total health expenditure, the ratio of pharmaceutical expenditure to total health expenditure and the ratio of made pocket health expenditure to total health expenditure trends towards decreasing; other variables trends towards increasing.