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INTRODUCTION: The study was conducted to examine the relationship between the competence status of the intern nurses and their attitudes towards to their caregiving roles. METHODS: This descriptive and correlational study was carried out with 295 students who studied in nursing department of an university between March and April 2019. Data were collected by using the Student Information Form, the Competence Scale of Nursing Students and the Attitude Scale for Nurses in Caregiving Roles. The data were evaluated using the descriptive statistical methods, independent variables t test in and Pearson correlation analysis.. RESULTS: It was found that 76.3% of students were female, 31.2% of students have at least one health worker in their family, 76.3% of the them loved the nursing profession, 76.3% of them wanted to make research to improve the nursing profession and 90.5% of the them wanted to use the research results in their care. Intern nurses received an average score 240.34±37.07 from Competence Scale of Nursing Students and 62.84±12.18 from the Attitude Scale for Nurses in Caregiving Roles. It was determined direction of the weak, positive and statistically significant relationship between Competence Scale of Nursing Students and Attitude Scale for Nurses in Caregiving Roles total and subscale mean scores (p=0.000). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The study showed that the relationship between competence status of the intern nurses and their attitudes towards caregiving roles was in positive aspect.

Objectives: Vitamin C is an essential nutrient involved in the repair of tissue and the enzymatic production of certain neurotransmitters and best known for its antioxidant properties, being able to scavenge damaging reactive oxygen species, thus protecting the body's cells and tissues from oxidative damage and dysfunction. This study aims to develop an economic model to demonstrate the burden of absenteeism and presenteeism cases caused by preventable common cold and flu using 1000 mg/ day Vitamin C vs doing nothing in Turkey. Methods: The models were conducted for understanding the possible loss of productivity of white-collar professionals and medical cost, employer spending per employee, healthcare usage, possible changes in seasonal flu episodes, length of flu episodes, productivity loss depending on absenteeism, and presenteeism have been retrieved from the literature search. A decision tree model for 6 months has been conducted. The model has been conducted to calculate the economic burden of using Vitamin C and doing nothing for 6 months horizon. Results: According to the decision tree model, economic impact of using 1000 mg/day Vitamin C and doing nothing arms were calculated for produc-

Amaç: Bu çalışma sağlık çalışanlarının el hijyeni inancı ve el hijyeni uygulamalarınınbelirlenmesi amacıyla yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma tanımlayıcı tipte biraraştırmadır. Eylül 2017-Ocak 2018 tarihleri arasında Batı Karadeniz Bölgesinde yer alan birüniversitenin Sağlık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezinde yürütülen çalışmanın örneklemini, enaz 6 aylık bir çalışma deneyimi olan ve araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü olan 252 sağlık çalışanı(hemşire, doktor, ebe, sağlık memuru) oluşturdu. Araştırmanın verileri sosyodemografikbilgileri içeren anket formu, el hijyeni inanç ölçeği ve el hijyeni uygulama envanteri ile eldeedildi. Student t testi, tek yönlü ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis ve Pearson Korelasyon testi ile verilerinanalizi yapıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan sağlık çalışanlarının yaş ortalaması 32.15±6.04,% 72.6’ı kadın, %64.3’ü evli, %61.1’i lisans mezunu, % 75.6’sı hemşire, % 12.7’si doktor,%8.7’si sağlık memuru, % 2.8’i ebe ve hizmet süresi ortalaması 8.89±5.48 yıl olduğu saptandı.Sağlık çalışanlarının el hijyeni inanç ölçeği puan ortalaması 84.03±8.28 ve el hijyeni uygulamaenvanteri puan ortalaması 63.97±6.37’dir. İki ölçek arasında zayıf pozitif yönde anlamlıkorelasyon olduğu belirlendi (r=0.312, p<0.001). Hizmet süresi ile el hijyeni inancı (r=0.20,p=0.001) ve uygulaması (r=0.179, p=0.004) arasında zayıf anlamlı pozitif ilişkinin olduğu;yaş ile birlikte el hijyenin inancının da arttığı tespit edildi (r=0.20, p=0.049). Lisans düzeyinde(X2K-W= 9.46, p=0.024) ve dahili servislerde (F=5.77, p=0.004) çalışan sağlık çalışanlarının elhijyeni inanç ölçeği puanı anlamlı olarak yüksekken kadınlarda el hijyeni inanç ölçeği (t=-.85,p<0.001) ve el hijyeni uygulama envanteri (t=-3.061, p=0.03) puan ortalamasının da yüksekolduğu belirlendi. Sonuç ve Öneriler: Sağlık çalışanlarının bildirimlerine göre el hijyeniinançlarının ve el hijyeni uygulamalarının yüksek olduğu, el hijyeni inancının el hijyeniuygulamasını etkilediği, hizmet süresinin artması ile de el hijyeni uygulamasının da arttığısonucuna varıldı.

This article aims to discuss four topics according to the recent scientific data a) to overview the frequency of obese and overweight individuals among Tunisia and Turkey populations; b) to examine health technology assessment of bariatric surgery (BS) report (HTA) in Tunisia and Turkey; c) to evaluate the cost and cost reimbursements by social health systems for bariatric surgery in Turkey and Tunisia; d) to examine the total number of bariatric surgical procedures and their costs in state and private health organizations in Tunisia and Turkey. The OECD (2011-2017) Turkey report was included for the data for the frequency of obese and over-weighted people among the general population Turkey, while the WHO report of «Diabetes Prevalence and Diabetes Risk Factors» of 2016 was included for Tunisia. Also supporting data on the overweight and obese population in Tunisia was provided from the news site named Middle East Monitor and the «Tunisian Health Examination Survey» conducted in 2016. Surgery cost and reimbursement of cost, analyses of bariatric surgery in Turkey published in 2014 was included as well. The data about the patient profile to whom bariatric surgery can be applied, the indications for bariatric surgery, and centers where it can be applied in Turkey are obtained from the Cost-Effectiveness of Obesity Surgery in Turkey and Economic Value Study (CEVOS-T) and Turkey Bariatric Surgery HTA Report. The Turkey Health Management Center website has been used for the total bariatric surgery performed. The authors analyzed the general status of bariatric operations in Turkey and Tunisia. The overweighted and obese individuals constitute 64.4% of Turkey’s population while this frequency is obtained as 62.8% of the Tunisian population. The rate of increase in obesity was obtained by 10.8% between 2014 to 2017 in Turkey. According to the results of CEVOS-T study the total economic burden attributable to an obesity rate of 1.16% of GDP in 2004, the proportion of the GDP in 2012 was seen as 1.73%. A total of 15,800 bariatric surgical procedures were performed in Turkey in 2018. The operational cost of a tube stomach surgery in the health unit of the Turkish Union of Public Hospitals (TKHK) was found to be 8930 TL. The cost of bariatric surgery in Tunisia including hospitalization is £ 3950. As the majority of the population is overweighted and obese in both Turkey and Tunisia, it can be interpreted as the occurrence of obesity-related health problems that can be increased. When the complications and advantages of bariatric surgery were examined it was decided that these two countries should give importance to bariatric surgery. Turkey’s interest in this subject is revealed with HTA and CEVOS-T report. Health economics analyses such as bariatric surgery HTA reports, number of bariatric surgery operations, the cost-effectiveness of BS in Tunisia could not be reached due to lack of statistics and resources. Turkey and Tunisia made with these investigations demonstrated a general situation in bariatric surgery. Keywords: bariatric surgery, health technology, market of bariatric surgery, obesity, overweight population.