NAC species were the most common causative agent for candidemia. Genotyping showed low transmission of C. albicans strains, but transmission of C. parapsilosis was high. In candidemia, several Candida virulence factors may be responsible at the same time. However, different genotypes of Candida strains showed different virulence activity.

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This study demonstrated that propolis had significant antifungal activity against yeasts isolated from blood culture compared with FLU and ITR. The propolis MIC in azole-resistant strains such as C. glabrata was found lower than the FLU MIC.

ÖZET Anahtar sözcükler: akut gastroenterit, çocuk, immunokromatografi, rotavirüs SUMMARY Frequency of Rotavirus in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Rotavirus has an important place in the etiology of viral gastroenteritis in infants and children all over the world. This study was aimed to determine the frequency of rotavirus gastroenteritis in pediatric patients admitted to Kayseri Educational and Research Araştırma GİRİŞAkut gastroenteritler çocuklardaki morbidite ve mortalitenin alt solunum yolu infeksiyonlarından sonra en önemli sebebidir. Rotavirüsler, bebek ve 5 yaş altı çocuklarda görülen ishallerin, özellikle hastane yatışlarına ve bebek ölümlerine neden olan ağır gastroenteritin en önde gelen nedenidir (13) . Dünya genelinde 5 yaş altındaki çocukların yılda ortalama 3.2 kez ishal oldukları bildirilmiştir. Her yıl 5 yaş altındaki her 1000 çocuktan 4.9'unun ishal nedeniyle kaybedildiği ileri sürülmüştür. Etkenler göz önüne alındığında infeksiyöz ishallerde virüslerin % 30-70'lere varan oranlarla ilk sırayı aldıkları bilinmektedir. Viral gastroenterit olgularının ise % 50-80'ine rotavirüs sebep olmaktadır (5,8) . Gastroenterite sebep olan diğer ajanlardan farklı olarak rotavirus olguları sosyoekonomik

We aimed to investigate whether quercetin had a therapeutic effect in an experimental rat model of allergic rhinitis. The study was conducted with 35 rats, which were randomly assigned into 4 groups: group 1 (n = 5), sham group; group 2 (quercetin group, n = 10) received 80 mg/kg day quercetin; group 3 (steroid group, n = 10) received steroid (mometasone furoate); and group 4 (control group, n = 10), received ovalbumin alone. Rats were sensitized by administration of ovalbumin on alternate days over 14 days via an intraperitoneal route. On day 15, in addition to ovalbumin via an intranasal route, quercetin and steroid were given over 7 days to the corresponding groups. All rats were then sacrificed and nasal turbinates were evaluated histopathologically, and serum total IgE and ovalbumin (OVA)-specific IgE values were measured before and after treatment. A significant increase in OVA-specific IgE values was detected in all groups except sham group. A significant increase was detected in post-treatment total IgE levels in the control group, while no significant change was detected in the sham, quercetin, and intranasal steroid groups. On histopathological evaluation, it was observed that findings of allergic rhinitis were suppressed in the quercetin group when compared to the control group. In immunohistochemical evaluation, it was detected that COX-2 and VIP expressions were weaker in the quercetin group compared to the control group. Based on these findings, we conclude that quercetin was effective in allergic rhinitis induced by ovalbumin in rats both histopathologically and serologically.