We studied microorganisms associated with infant diarrhea in a group of 256 children admitted to a public pediatric hospital in Montevideo, Uruguay. Diagnostic procedures were updated to optimize detection of potential pathogens, which were found in 63.8% of cases, and to be able to define their characteristics down to molecular or antigenic type. Coinfection with two or more agents was detected in more than one-third of positive studies. Escherichia coli enteric virotypes, especially enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), were shown to be prevalent. Rotavirus, Cryptosporidium, Campylobacter (mainly Campylobacter jejuni), and Shigella flexneri were also often identified. Enterotoxigenic E. coli, Salmonella, and Giardia lamblia were sporadically recognized. Unusual findings included two enteroinvasive E. coli strains, one Shigella dysenteriae 2 isolate, and a non-O:1 Vibrio cholerae culture. EPEC bacteria and S. flexneri (but not Salmonella) showed unusually frequent antimicrobial resistance, especially towards beta-lactam antibiotics, which is the subject of ongoing work.
The paper aims to explore a set of future scenarios in the context of the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for the adoption of the Regional Plan for Mining Activities in Piedmont region (Italy). The study investigates the use of a Multicriteria Decision Analysis technique (MCDA), namely the Analytic Network Process (ANP), with the aim to support the definition of the best sustainable scenario. The ANP model evaluates a protocol of objectives and strategies in order to explore their complex relations and to guide the evaluation of alternative planning scenarios. The paper shows how the ANP model may be considered a suitable support to aid the decision-making process in better understanding the full range of impacts generated by mining activities on the territory, thus supporting the creation of integrated and sustainable planning policies at regional scale.
Riassunto. Il programma MAB fu lanciato dall'UNESCO negli anni '70 al fine di migliorare il rapporto tra uomo e ambiente. Negli anni il programma ha portato al riconoscimento di Riserve della Biosfera che gli Stati Membri si impegnano a gestire nella prospettiva della conservazione delle risorse. L'Organismo Gestore dell'Area Protetta, partendo, da un lato, dalla consapevolezza della ricchezza ambientale che caratterizza il suo territorio e, dall'altro, del contesto di sviluppo antropico elevato in cui essa è situata, ha riconosciuto nel programma MAB un'opportunità per incrementare le sue attività di protezione e potenziamento delle risorse. Questo articolo descrive i primi risultati ottenuti negli studi preliminari per la Designazione al MAB, con particolare attenzione sia alle opportunità di implementazione di progetti legati al marchio "Collina Po", creato dall'Organo di Gestione del Parco, si ain termini di scambio di 'best practices' con altre Riserve di Biosfera.Abstract. The MAB programme was established by UNESCO in the 70s in order to improve the relationship between man and environment. Over the years, the programme has led to the recognition of Biosphere Reserves that Member States are committed to manage in the perspective of resources conservation. The Management Body of the Protected Area, starting from the awareness of environmental richness characterizing its territory on one hand and of the context of high anthropic development in which it is 1 Il contributo è frutto del lavoro congiunto dei quattro autori. Pur essendo la responsabilità scientifica attribuibile a tutti e quattro, l'abstract e il paragrafo 1 sono da attribuire al dott. Ostellino, i paragrafi 2 e 6 sono stati curati dall'i ng. Elisabetta Cimnaghi, il paragrafo 3 dalla dott.ssa Annamaria Delmonte e il paragrafo 4 dall'arch. Elisa Zanetta. Il paragrafo 5 è da attribuire congiuntamente alla dott.ssa Delmonte e all'arch. Zanetta.
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