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According to the 2015 ATA guidelines, most of metastatic patients would not have been treated after surgery, with the risk of late diagnosis and delayed treatment.

Background: Radiolabelled prostate specific membrane antigen PSMA-based PET/CT or PET/MRI is a whole-body imaging technique currently performed for the detection of prostate cancer lesions. PSMA has been also demonstrated to be expressed by the neovasculature of many other solid tumors. Objective: The aim of this review is to evaluate the possible diagnostic role of radiolabelled PSMA PET/CT or PET/MRI in patients with gliomas and glioblastomas, by summarizing the available literature data. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane library databases was conducted to find relevant published articles about the diagnostic performance of radiolabeled PSMA binding agents in PET/CT or PET/MRI imaging of patients with suspected gliomas or glioblastomas. Results: Seven case reports or case series and 3 studies enrolling more than 10 patients showed that gliomas and glioblastoma are PSMA-avid tumors. Conclusion: Radiolabelled PSMA imaging seems to be useful in analyzing glioma/glioblastoma. Further studies enrolling a wider population are needed to clarify the real clinical and diagnostic role of radiolabelled PSMA in this setting and its possible position in the diagnostic flow-chart.

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