Brazil is a country with a high prevalence of infectious diseases such as leprosy and leishmaniasis. However, coinfection of these diseases is still poorly understood. We report a case of a patient who presented with lepromatous leprosy and cutaneous-mucosal leishmaniasis at the same period. After clinical, laboratory, and histopathological diagnosis, the treatment was introduced and the patient showed important clinical improvement. He was followed in our outpatient clinic. Both pathologies play an important role in the immune system. Depending on the immune response profile of the host, diseases may present themselves in different ways. In this case, the patient showed a divergent immune response for each disease. We hypothesized that this response is specific for each pathogen.

Leprosy patients can present reactions during the course of the disease. There are no official data on these reactions in Brazil. We aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics of patients with such reactions, analyzing information from patient records at a referral center in Campinas (SP), from 2010 to 2015.

Leprosy can be classified according to its operational form as paucibacillary or multibacillary. Bacilloscopy integrates its diagnostic armamentarium. Patients with the disease may present leprosy reactions. This study describes the association of bacilloscopy results and the type of operational classification of leprosy in patients with leprosy reactions. Medical records were analyzed at a reference center between 2010 and 2015. Reactions occurred in almost half of the patients, making their identification important. The bacilloscopic and operational characterization indicates a greater occurrence of leprosy reactions in patients with positive bacilloscopy and also in multibacillary.

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Os pênfigos são dermatoses bolhosas autoimunes, em que há a produção de autoanticorpos direcionados contra moléculas de adesão dos epitélios, levando à perda da coesão celular. As doenças bolhosas intraepidérmicas são compostas pelo grupo dos pênfigos: pênfigo foliáceo clássico, pênfigo foliáceo endêmico, pênfigo eritematoso, pênfigo vulgar, pênfigo vegetante, pênfigo herpetiforme (variante clínica dos pênfigos vulgar e foliáceo), pênfigo por IgA, pênfigo paraneoplásico e pênfigo induzido por medicamentos. Devido à transferência placentária dos anticorpos IgG, existem casos de recém-nascidos com diagnóstico de Pênfigo Neonatal. Este  artigo relata o caso de uma paciente recém-nascida de mãe com diagnóstico prévio de Pênfigo Vulgar com lesões exulceradas extensas na região perineal, couro cabeludo, cervical posterior e dorso, e também lesões bolhosas nos pés.Descritores: Pênfigo; Recém-Nascido; Dermatopatias; Doenças Autoimunes.ReferênciasSmolinski KN, Shah SS, Honig PJ, Yan AC. Neonatal cutaneous fungal infections. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2005;17(4):486-93.Zhao CY, Chiang YZ, Murrell DF. Neonatal autoimmune blistering disease: a systematic review. Pediatr Dermatol. 2016;33(4):367-74.Bellelli AG, Mantero NM, Rueda ML, Navacchia D, Cao G, Liloo L et al. Pénfigo vulgar de la infancia, a propósito de un caso [Childhood pemphigus vulgaris, a case report]. Arch Argent Pediatr. 2016;114(6):e457-60. Ali HS. Pemphigus vulgaris during pregnancy - a case report. J Pak Assoc Dermatol. 2011;21(4):301-3.Hanna S, Kim M, Murrell DF. Validation studies of outcome measures in pemphigus. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2016;2(4):128-39.Ibrahim SB, Yashodhara BM, Umakanth S, Kanagasabai S. Pemphigus vulgaris in a pregnant woman and her neonate. BMJ Case Rep. 2012;2012:bcr0220125850.Kodagali SS, Subbarao SD, Hiremagaloor R. Pemphigus vulgaris in a neonate and his mother. Indian Pediatr. 2014;51(4):316-17.Fainaru O, Mashiach R, Kupferminc M, Shenhav M, Pauzner D, Lessing JB. Pemphigus vulgaris in pregnancy: a case report and review of literature. Hum Reprod. 2000;15(5):1195-97.Abrams ML, Smidt A, Benjamin L, Chen M, Woodley D, Mancini AJ. Congenital epidermolysis bullosa acquisita: vertical transfer of maternal autoantibody from mother to infant. Arch Dermatol. 2011;147(3):337-41.Goldberg NS, DeFeo C, Kirshenbaum N. Pemphigus vulgaris and pregnancy: risk factors and recommendations. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1993;28(5 Pt 2):877-79.