Background: More than half of the U.S. population has experienced Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE), which are linked to physical and mental health issues. This study examines the relationship between ACEs and life satisfaction, psychological well-being, and social wellbeing. Methods: Data of 6323 participants from three waves of the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) (1995-1996, 2004-2006, and 2011-2014) were used. Repeated measures models were used to test the associations between ACEs and all three psychosocial scales. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to account for multiple survey measures. Adjusting for demographics and survey wave, GEE models were run for each ACE construct. Results: After controlling for demographic covariables, those reporting an ACE had significantly lower levels of life satisfaction (β=−0.20, 95% CI −0.26-−0.15) compared to those without an ACE. Those reporting higher ACE counts were associated with lower life satisfaction compared to those with no ACE (β=−0.38, 95% CI −0.56-−0.20; β=−0.36, 95% CI −0.46-−0.27; and β= −0.13, 95% CI −0.19-−0.08 for ACE counts of 3, 2, and 1, respectively). Abuse (β=−0.41, 95% CI −0.48-−0.33) and household dysfunction (β=−0.18, 95% CI −0.25-−0.10) were associated with significantly lower life satisfaction. Overall, those exposed to ACEs had significantly lower sense of social well-being.

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Background The aim of this analysis was to examine the influence of housing insecurity on diabetes processes of care and self-care behaviors and determine if that relationship varied by employment status or race/ethnicity. Methods Using nationally representative data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2014-2015), 16,091 individuals were analyzed for the cross-sectional study. Housing insecurity was defined as how often respondents reported being worried or stressed about having enough money to pay rent/mortgage. Following unadjusted logistic models testing interactions between housing insecurity and either employment or race/ethnicity on diabetes processes of care and self-care behaviors, stratified models were adjusted for demographics, socioeconomic status, health insurance status, and comorbidity count. Results 38.1% of adults with diabetes reported housing insecurity. Those reporting housing insecurity who were employed were less likely to have a physicians visit (0.58, 95%CI 0.37,0.92), A1c check (0.45, 95%CI 0.26,0.78), and eye exam (0.61, 95%CI 0.44,0.83), while unemployed individuals were less likely to have a flu vaccine (0.84, 95%CI 0.70,0.99). Housing insecure White adults were less likely to receive an eye exam (0.67, 95%CI 0.54,0.83), flu vaccine (0.84, 95%CI 0.71,0.99) or engage in physical activity (0.82, 95%CI 0.69,0.96), while housing insecure Non-Hispanic Black adults were less likely to have a physicians visit (0.56, 95%CI 0.32,0.99). Conclusions Housing insecurity had an influence on diabetes processes of care and self-care behaviors, and this relationship varied by employment status and race/ethnicity. Diabetes interventions should incorporate discussion surrounding housing insecurity and consider differences in the impact by demographic factors on diabetes care.

Background: Diabetes is a leading cause of death in the US. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have also been linked to increased mortality. ACEs are associated with the development of diabetes however the amplified effect on mortality has not been studied.