Snakebites are a major public health problem in indigenous communities in Brazil, leading to acute local and systemic damage with resulting deficiencies. Long-term musculoskeletal disabilities related to snakebites have been a neglected area of research. Bothrops (lancehead) snakes are responsible for most of the permanent sequelae related to snakebites in Latin America. Here, we present a case report of a 32-year-old male indigenous patient who was envenomed by a Bothrops species. The patient was clinically followed for a period of approximately 2 years and 6 months, during which time he experienced a loss of musculoskeletal tissue and required several medical procedures such as debridement, tissue reconstruction, and physical therapy, which resulted in a recovery of mobility, though with a permanent sequelae in gait. This case report shows how snakebites have a significant impact on health systems, as victims require physiotherapy, plastic surgery, and orthopedics services, as well as social support for reintegration into their local communities.
Crotalus durissus ruruima is a rattlesnake subspecies mainly found in Roraima, the northernmost state of Brazil. Envenomings caused by this subspecies lead to severe clinical manifestations (e.g. respiratory muscle paralysis, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure) that can lead to the victim’s death. In this review, we comprehensively describe C. d. ruruima biology and the challenges this subspecies poses for human health, including morphology, distribution, epidemiology, venom cocktail, clinical envenoming, and the current and future specific treatment of envenomings by this snake. Moreover, this review presents maps of the distribution of the snake subspecies and evidence that this species is responsible for some of the most severe envenomings in the country and causes the highest lethality rates. Finally, we also discuss the efficacy of the Brazilian horse-derived antivenoms to treat C. d. ruruima envenomings in Roraima state.
Rural credit in family farming, as an instrument of leverage for growth in agricultural production, plays a fundamental role in fostering the local economy. Thus, this shields small farmers against market competitiveness. Hence, this study aimed to analyze the perception among rural producers of agricultural credit in family farming as an instrument for strengthening their productive capacity, income distribution in rural areas and the promotion of farmers' quality of life. For this, bibliographic research and a field study were carried out, collecting data through interviews with small farmers who are members of an association of small producers in a Brazilian state in the Amazon region. The results show that rural credit has a strong influence on the local economy and is this important for family farming. A credit line already served all the respondents and 70% stated that between 91% and 100% of the resources used in production were originally bought on credit and unanimously said that rural credit had an impact on increasing income and income production.
Objetivo: Conhecer os fatores relacionados ao tabagismo entre homens adolescentes e jovens em uma comunidade indígena do estado de Roraima. Métodos: Tratou-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva de abordagem qualitativa. O local da pesquisa foi na comunidade indígena em um município de Roraima. A coleta de dados utilizada foi a entrevista semiestruturada, o público-alvo foram adolescentes e jovens homens moradores da comunidade. Os dados foram transcritos para tabelas em Excel para facilitar as análises dos resultados. Resultados: Os participantes referiram que experimentaram e continuam consumindo cigarros ou tabaco por influência dos amigos. E o segundo fator mais forte foi o consumo de bebida que favorece, o desejo em consumir o cigarro. E o terceiro seria a curiosidade, o quarto seria o desejo e o quinto referem que fumam, porque os seus pais fumam, o que facilita o seu consumo. Conclusão: O tabagismo é elevado entre os jovens e adolescentes, e os principais fatores relacionados correspondem: à influência dos amigos, para ser aceito no grupo, como forma de socialização; o uso de bebidas alcoólicas; a curiosidade, a vontade de conhecer algo novo; o desejo por prazer e relaxamento; sensação de poder por infringir regras; ociosidade; pais fumantes; problemas familiares, entre outros.
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