The paper is focused on VAT evasion and especially carousel frauds. It describes the types of VAT evasion, methods of its estimation and measures taken by the European member state to fight it. The aim of the article is to develop a reasonable method for assessing the volume of carousel fraud in the Czech Republic. It uses ex-post calculation of the impact of a specific reverse-charge implemented in the Czech Republic on waste and scrap in 2011. The analysis employs trade balance data of the Czech Republic published by the Czech Statistical Office and a model of the carousel fraud to estimate the size of the carousel fraud existing prior to the implementation of the specific reverse charge in the CR. The volume of the supposed carousels in waste and scrap present in the period from 1 April 2010 to 31 March 2011 in the CR is according to the authors EUR 56 mil. (approx. CZK 1.4 bn.).

In our cross-cultural comparative study, we aimed to explore the level of subjective well-being and hierarchy of life values among Czech and Maltese university students. The links between life values and cognitive and affective components of subjective well-being were also investigated. The research sample (N = 280, aged 18 to 30 years, M = 21.9 years, SD = 2.5) consisted of 165 Czech and 115 Maltese university students, who completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Happiness Measure, and the Valued Living Questionnaire. The results showed that Czech and Maltese samples did not significantly differ in the levels of life satisfaction and happiness. Differences were revealed in the hierarchy of life values and in their relationship to subjective well-being in the two samples. Our study has shown that cultures might differ in the amount of importance they assign to various life values, and that cognitive and affective components of subjective well-being might be predicted by unique variables in different national samples.