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Another 2.3 billion people are expected to be added to the planet in just 35 years. By 2050, new systems for food, water, energy, education, health, economics, and global governance will be needed to prevent massive and complex human and environmental disasters. The Millennium Project's futures research shows that most of these problems are preventable and that a far better future than today is possible. Brilliant insights, policy and social innovations, scientific and technological breakthroughs, and new kinds of leadership are emerging around the world. The interactions among future artificial intelligences, countless new lifeforms from synthetic biology, proliferation of nanomolecular assemblies, and robotics could produce a future barely recognizable to science fiction today.

Stephen Hawking, Elon Musk, Bill Gates, and artificial intelligence experts are warning the world about the potential dangers of artificial intelligence growing beyond human control as it becomes super intelligence, artificial general intelligence, or strong AI-the ability to autonomously rewrite its own software code based on feedback, implement the new software simultaneously around the world, modify its goals, and outperform human intellect. Nick Bottom's expert survey in 2012/2013 found a 50-50 chance that "high-level machine intelligence" could be achieved by 2040-2050 and that super intelligence could be archived 30 years thereafter.

The goal of the Ontology Summit 2010 was to address the current shortage of persons with ontology expertise by developing a strategy for the education of ontologists. To achieve this goal we studied how ontologists are currently trained, the requirements identified by organizations that hire ontologists, and developments that might impact the training of ontologists in the future. We developed recommendations for the body of knowledge that should be taught and the skills that should be developed by future ontologists; these recommendations are intended as guidelines for institutions and organizations that may consider establishing a program for training ontologists. Further, we recommend a number of specific actions for the community to pursue.