Breast cancer continues to be a difficult disease to treat due to high rates of metastasis. Metastasis to the brain presents a unique and often overlooked challenge. In this focused review, we discuss the epidemiology of breast cancer and which types frequently metastasize to the brain. Novel treatment approaches are highlighted with supporting scientific evidence. The role of the blood-brain barrier and how it may become altered with metastasis is addressed. We then highlight new innovations for Her2-positive and triple-negative breast cancer. Finally, recent directions for luminal breast cancer are discussed. This review serves to enhance understanding of pathophysiology, spark continued innovation, and provide a user-friendly resource through tables and easy-to-process figures.

Breast cancer metastasis is a continued concern for patients with recent development in our understanding of disease progression. In this paper, we highlight the pathophysiology behind breast cancer metastasis. Blood brain barrier disruption plays a critical component in progression. We then investigate the current treatment strategies and recommended guidelines. This focuses on radiation and medical management. Finally, we address the role of surgical intervention. The data is organized into tables and figures to highlight key components. Finally, we address emerging treatments and pre-clinical data. The paper will serve as a user-friendly guide for clinicians and researchers to help formulate a strategy to manage breast cancer metastasis patients sufficiently.