Interventions targeted and evaluated concepts related to existential concerns found in the descriptive studies. Gaps in research on existential concerns in patients with cancer include the need to clarify the concept; how patients' existential well-being may best be supported by health-care professionals in everyday practice; effects of existential interventions on physical symptoms; and stability of results of interventions.

Further research is needed to explore how contemporary interactions contribute to development of the self. By focusing on supporting relationships, nurses are in a strategic position to develop knowledge and modify clinical programmes that promote diabetes management and care by taking supporting interactions into account from a contemporary point of view.

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As there was no gender difference in the relation between HbA(1c) and the number of visits in adult diabetes care, the higher frequency of visits in adult care for females cannot be solely explained by their glycaemic control. Gender differences regarding diabetes care utilization should be further explored.

Women and their partner have specific needs in daily living following an acute myocardial infarction. Therefore, nurses should acknowledge the specific needs for the female patient and the partner more clearly.