The environmental situation in the world is only getting worse every year. This is caused by an increase in air pollution, wastewater pollution, wood burning, and others. Since 2013, ammonia emissions by European Union companies have increased significantly. This was facilitated, among other things, using synthetic pesticides. That is why the transition of agriculture to organic farming standards can be considered a good alternative. The aim of the study was to analyse the effectiveness of combining known organic pesticides in one biogeocenosis. A combined treatment of the vegetable crop Brassica oleracea with such biological pesticides as Bacillus thuringiensis and pyrethrin, combined with mass pest trapping, is proposed in the research. When combining these three approaches, the efficiency was 93%. The total crop yield was 27 tons/ha, while the area of the field where pheromone and yellow sticky traps were used had a yield of 34 tons/ha. These methods were effective against the following pests: Ceutorhynchus rapae, Aleyrodes proletella, and Brevicoryne brassicae. Leaf damage was reduced by 93% on average during the study period when using the combined approach. During the two-year research, it was possible to neutralize 1882 insects by mass trapping and find out that the largest number of Ceutorhynchus rapae affect the crop in May and August, but the use of pheromone traps is most effective in October. The combination of individual methods increased the effectiveness of each method due to the synchronized impact on different pests. Increasing vegetable yields in Albania in the future can also solve the problem of hunger in countries with unfavourable climatic conditions by increasing the export of these crops

The research relevance on Codling moth peculiarities is predefined by it being a main threat to apple culture. The sensitivity of apple cultivars that have been planted so far and continue to be planted to this pest diverges in different cultivars. The research aims to determine the main elements of Cydia Pomonella control using sex pheromones and environmentally friendly insecticides. To achieve the goal, an experiment was conducted in the village of Dvoran in the Korcha region on three apple cultivars: Golden Delicious, Star King, and Granny Smith. On the trees of these varieties, traps with sex pheromones were used and environmentally friendly insecticides were utilised. The study found that using sex pheromone traps to monitor Cydia Pomonella is simple and less expensive for apple growers. The Spinosad medicine is the most effective in terms of protection against the pest, the second being Indoxacarb. Golden Delicious and Granny Smith cultivars had the lowest level of pest infestation, while the Star King cultivar was the most affected by Cydia Pomonella. It has also been established that apple fruits do not contain toxic residues, and the ecosystem remains clean. Additionally, the use of sex pheromones can be part of an integrated pest management approach that combines different control methods to sustainably manage pest populations in gardens. The practical significance of the obtained results is that they provide apple growers with a safe and effective method of controlling Cydia pomonella populations in their orchards. In addition, the scientific basis for the use of sex pheromones as a method of pest control can contribute to the implementation of sustainable control methods in apple production

The relevance of the subject matter is conditioned by the existing difficulties of operating the wastewater treatment system of large modern cities and the need to make qualitative changes in the structure of their functioning. The main purpose of the study is to investigate the economic effect of restructuring the municipal wastewater treatment system in the city of San Francisco in the context of analysing the promising possibilities of applying this experience in Ukrainian realities. The basis of the methodological approach is a combination of methods of systematic analysis of the experience gained in San Francisco during the restructuring of the wastewater treatment system, with an analytical investigation of the factors influencing the assessment of the economic effect of the implementation of this event. The study revealed the need for comprehensive investment into the restructuring of the wastewater treatment system existing in a large modern city to obtain a sustainable economic effect from the implementation of such programmes and improve the quality of water use services provided to residents of modern Ukrainian cities. The results obtained and the conclusions formulated on their basis are of significant practical importance from the standpoint of prospects for improving the functioning of wastewater treatment facilities in large modern Ukrainian cities and stabilising the overall environmental situation in these cities, as well as obtaining a tangible economic effect from the modernisation of wastewater treatment systems to improve the quality of services provided to city residents

Virtual communities' emergence and innovative technologies bring up new types of accounting and transaction methods. These methods go beyond the existing economics knowledge and current legal solutions. Virtual societies develop and share their payment medium for goods and services exchange. The use of cryptocurrency has been enhanced during the COVID -19 era due to the health guidelines to minimize the virus's spread. Cryptocurrencies bridge the loopholes left by the traditional currency in sorting crises like the Corona Virus pandemic. However, cryptocurrency brings up legal controversies that users are exposed to economic and legal risks.