Cultivar Barangan is one of the famous banana plants that has good taste and price. The disadvantages of this banana is susceptible to Fusarium disease. Tissue culture techniques is one ways of plants propagation for this plant. This study is aimed to determine the effective concentration of benzyl amino purines (BAP) and indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) for optimal multiple bud clumps (MBC) induction in explants of Barangan Merah banana. The Research was carried out at the Laboratory of Tissue Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala. The research design was a completely randomized design, 3x2 factorial. BAP concentration was the first factor, i.e. 5, 10 and 15 mg L−1. The second factor was the concentration of IAA, i.e. 0.1 and 0.5 mg L−1. The results of this research showed that 96,29% explants of all treatments survived. Explant contamination was 11,11% occurred by bacteria and brownish exudate that spread to the medium. MBC are significantly increased at 16 days after induction at concentration of BAP 5 mg L−1 + IAA 0.5 mg L−1. All combinations of BAP and IAA concentrations have produced MBC explants (100%) at eighth weeks after induction. The concentration of 5 mg L−1 BAP + 0.5 mg L−1 IAA resulted the highest shoots number. Analysis of variance and Least Significant Different further test showed that the longest of shoot length was founding the concentration of 5 mg L−1 BAP compared to other treatments. Increasing concentrations of BAP 10 mg L−1and 15 mg L−1 resulted in significantly lower shoot length. It can be concluded that taken together the concentration of 5 mg L−1 BAP + 0.5 mg L−1 IAA is the best to effectively multiple bud clumps induction in explants of Barangan Merah banana through tissue culture technique.

Nematoda penyebab puru akar (Meloidogyne spp.) merupakan parasit penting tanaman budi daya dan memiliki kisaran inang yang luas. Salah satu alternatif pengendalian fitonematoda yang potensial ialah pemanfaatan bakteri non-patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi potensi bakteri asal gambut sebagai agens pengendali biologi nematoda puru akar (M. incognita). Pengujian secara in vitro menggunakan filtrat 15 isolat bakteri terhadap M. incognita juvenil 2 (J2) dalam cawan petri. Sebanyak 4.5 mL filtrat bakteri dimasukkan ke dalam cawan petri berdiameter 5 cm, kemudian ditambahkan 50 individu J2 M. incognita dan diinkubasi pada suhu 27 ℃. Pengamatan mortalitas nematoda dilakukan pada 6, 12, dan 24 jam setelah perlakuan. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan 3 ulangan. Peubah yang diamati ialah persentase mortalitas serta lamanya waktu paparan dalam mematikan nematoda. Karakterisasi fisiologis yang dilakukan terhadap isolat bakteri meliputi uji produksi HCN dan enzim kitinase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 9 isolat bakteri yaitu: GA2  GAA1, GT1 GTA7, GT1 GTB3, GT1 GTB4, GT1 GTB6, GT1 GTB7, GT1 GTC2, GT1 GTC4, dan STDHC4 memiliki kemampuan nematisidal dengan mortalitas mencapai 83%–94%. Isolat bakteri GT1 GTB4 dan GT1 GTB7 memiliki homologi 99% dengan Serratia marcescens asal Cina, dan GT1 GTC2 memiliki homologi 99% dengan Streptomyces sp. AT67 asal Korea Selatan. Ketiga isolat tersebut mampu menghasilkan enzim kitinase dengan indeks lisis >1, namun semua isolat tidak ada yang menghasilkan senyawa HCN.

The Aceh patchouli plant (Pogostemon cablin. Benth) is a plantation plant that produces essential oils with great potential, known as patchouli oil. The use of in vitro culture techniques on patchouli plants needs to be developed to meet the needs of patchouli seeds. This study aimed to analyze the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) cytokinins 6-Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) and Thidiazuron (TDZ) and auxin 1-Naphthaleneacetic Acid (NAA) on the organogenesis ability of Aceh patchouli leaf explants var. Lhokseumawe. The treatments analyzed were P1 = MS; P2 = BAP 0.75 mg.l−1, P3 = BAP 1.0 mg.l−1, P4 = TDZ 0.75 mg.l−1, P5 = TDZ 1.0 mg.l−1, P6 = NAA 0.5 mg.l−1, P7 = NAA 1.0 mg.l−1, P8 = BAP 0.75 mg.l−1 + NAA 0.5 mg.l−1, P9 = BAP 0.75 mg.l−1 + NAA 1.0 mg.l−1, P10 = BAP 1.0 mg.l−1 + NAA 0.5 mg.l−1, P11 = BAP 1.0 mg.l−1 + NAA 1.0 mg.l−1, P12 = TDZ 0.75 mg.l−1 + NAA 0.5 mg.l−1, P13 = TDZ 0.75 mg.l−1 + NAA 1.0 mg. l−1, P14 = TDZ 1.0 mg.l−1 + NAA 0.5 mg.l−1, P15 = TDZ 1.0 mg.l−1 + NAA 1.0 mg.l-1. The percentage of callus induction observed, percentage of shoot induction, percentage of browning, percentage of contamination and percentage of live explants at 28 DAI. The results showed that the percentage of explants forming callus was 56.4%, and the percentage of explants forming organ was 54.6%. In these two parameters the treatment of P14 and P15 gave the best results of 6.6% respectively. The percentage of explants experiencing browning was 26.1%, treatment P1 gave the highest response for this parameter, namely 6.6%. The parameter percentage of live explants was 71.3%. The best response was found in treatment P2, P3, P12 and P15, which were 6.6% each. The fastest bud formation occurred at 14 Days After Initiation (DAI) in P4 treatment. The resulting shoots look quite vigor and have formed leaves. In the combination treatment P14, showed the best results, the addition of auxin was able to increase the initiation of embryogenic callus.

The Peusangan watershed is home to hundreds of communities and approximately to fifty individuals of the endemic wildlife Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus). Human-elephants conflict (HEC) is a competition in the intersection of needs that has a negative impact on the community welfare and elephants. Elephants are protected wildlife that must be preserved, while at the same time there are socio-economic interests of the community which must also be guaranteed to be protected from possible damage due to the movement of the elephants. This study aims to determine the risk level by using a descriptive quantitative approach to identify the level of risk in the village area which is directly adjacent to the home range and not directly adjacent to the home range in the Peusangan watershed area. The method used is observation. The research sample was taken by purposive random sampling. Data collecting in the form of questionnaires and interviews. Data on the risk level of human elephants conflict were analyzed using the risk level formula. The hypothesis test of this study was carried out by analyzing the Independent Sample Test. The results of the study indicate that there are differences in the level of risk in areas that are directly and not directly adjacent to the Home Range with tcount value of 3.384 > ttable which is 1.984467. The criteria for the level of risk in areas directly adjacent to the home range have a low risk level and outside the home range have a medium risk with a level of hazard (68%), vulnerability (60%) and capacity (26%). Differences in risk levels refer to the implementation of conflict mitigation strategies, knowledge, attitudes and actions of the community in responding to human elephants conflict.