This study was conducted to determine the effects of deficit irrigation applied in different periods to dwarf rootstock apple trees (cv. 'Braeburn')on vegetative development, yield, fruit quality and marketable yield for three years (2010)(2011)(2012). There were six different treatments (none deficit irrigation, T 1 ; continuous deficit irrigation, T 2 ; deficit irrigation between the 40 th and 70 th days after full bloom, DAFB, T 3 ; deficit irrigation between the 70 th and 100 th DAFB, T 4 ; deficit irrigation between the 100 th and 130 th DAFB, T 5 ; deficit irrigation between the 130 th and 160 th DAFB, T 6 ). It was determined that short-term (30 days) deficit irrigation treatments during growing season resulted in decrease for vegetative development and yield. The apples that have both the highest marketable yield and the highest red colour density were obtained from T 3 in deficit irrigation treatments. T 3 treatments saved irrigation water according to T 1 treatment in study years (12.4%, 14.4% and 15.2 respectively). For more efficient use of water resources in case of limited irrigation water, T 3 treatment was found to be recommendable for apple growers because it not only saves water but also affects yield and fruit quality least.

No abstract

The efficacy of three different doses of ammonium thiosulfate (ATS), potassium thiosulfate (KTS) and BA (6-benzyladenine) on fruit quality, yield and return bloom was evaluated in this present experiment on 'Deveci' pear (Pyrus communis, L.). All treatments were compared to an unsprayed control and hand fruit thinning. The highest fruit set was achieved with BA treatments. It was significantly reduced in KTS rates compared to control and other thinning treatments. KTS sprays create a statistically significant increase in fruit diameter and fruit weight, while ATS and BA have had no dramatic effect. Hand fruit thinning has resulted in heavier fruit at harvest similar to KTS with 2%. Thinners increased the percentage of fruit to 75 mm in diameter and proportions to 250-500 g fruit weight. In the control trees, the ratio of fruit to 75 mm diameter was 57%, the 75% or more of which was in hand thinning and chemical thinners. The proportion of fruits within 250-500 g fruit weight group was found in the highest KTS doses. No physiological disorder as bitter pit, water core, and aging disorder and phytotoxicity were observed in fruit samples. Study results show that 2% KTS significantly reduce crop load and increased fruit quality in 'Deveci' pear. Therefore, it can be used as an alternative to hand fruit thinning in the 'Deveci' pear to achieve high fruit quality. But, neither flower nor fruit thinners induced return bloom in 'Deveci' pear.

Pre-harvest and harvest losses were assessed in '0900 Ziraat' sweet cherry cultivar. The trials were carried out at three different production regions as Uluborlu, Ilavuz and Eğirdir of Isparta province. Four different sweet cherry growers were selected from each region. Fruit samples were taken during harvest and the main reasons of fruit losses were determined. Thirty-three percent of Isparta sweet cherry production, pre-harvest and during harvest is lost due to the misapplication. Pre-harvest losses in the Uluborlu higher than other regions were found (19.67%). In this region small and stemless fruits are a problem for growers. Ilavuz, the region has the highest harvest losses (18.91%). Small fruit (12%) has to the highest rates in the total loss of the region. The second reason was the loss of bird damage (5%).

Özet: Ülkemizde son yıllarda kiraz üretim alanları hızla artmış ve yetiştiricilikte farklı gelişim özelliklerine sahip anaçlar da kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu durumda mevcut anaçlar ile yeni anaçların su stresine karşı gösterdikleri tepkilerin belirlenmesine gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Bu amaçla yürütülen çalışmada Mahlep (Prunus mahalep L.), Kuşkirazı (Prunus avium L.), Ma x Ma 14 (Prunus mahalep L. x Prunus avium L.), CAB 6 (Prunus cerasus L.) ve Gisela 6 (Prunus cerasus x P. canescens L.) anaçları üzerine aşılı 0900 Ziraat kiraz çeşidinin bir yaşlı fidanları kullanılmıştır. Deneme Eğirdir Meyvecilik Araştırma İstasyonu Müdürlüğü'nde yürütülmüştür. Fidanlar, içerisinde 1:2:1:0.5 oranlarında kumlu-tınlı toprak:torf:çiftlik gübresi harcı bulunan 50 litre hacimli saksılara dikilmiştir. Denemede tüm anaç/çeşit kombinasyonları için 4 farklı kuraklık düzeyi uygulaması (1. uygulama: her sulamada toprak neminin tarla kapasitesine kadar tamamlandığı konu ve 1. uygulamaya verilen suyun %75, %50 ve %25'inin uygulandığı 2., 3. ve 4. uygulamalar) yer almıştır. Yapılan incelemelerde gövde kesit alanı, sürgün uzunluğu, sürgün çapı ve yaprak alanı gelişimleri stres düzeylerinin yoğunluğuna bağlı olarak olumsuz etkilenmiştir. Yaprak alanı ve stoma yoğunluğunda en yüksek azalma CAB 6 ve Gisela 6 anaçlı fidanlarda belirlenmiştir. 0900 Ziraat kiraz çeşidinin aşılı olduğu anaçlarda su stresine dayanıklılık bakımından sıralama Mahlep, Kuşkirazı, Ma x Ma 14, Gisela 6, CAB 6 olarak belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler ışığında su kaynaklarının yetersiz olabileceği koşullarda klon anacı olarak Ma x Ma 14 anacı üreticilere tavsiye edilebilir.Anahtar kelimeler: Kiraz anaçları, 0900 Ziraat, Su stresi, Vejetatif gelişim, Stoma yoğunluğu Effect of Water Stress on The Some Evegatif Growth Parameters of Cultivar Grafted on Different Rootstocks 0900 Ziraat Sweet CherryAbstract: Sweet cherry production areas have been increasing in last years and rootstocks which have different growing characteristic are being used. Therefore, responses of new and present rootstocks to water stress must be determined. For this purpose, one year old 0900 Ziraat sweet cherry variety grafted on Mahaleb (Prunus mahalep L.), Mazzard (Prunus avium L.), Ma x Ma 14 (Prunus mahalep L. x Prunus avium L.), CAB 6 (Prunus cerasus L.) ve Gisela 6 (Prunus cerasus x P. canescens L.) rootstocks were used in this study. This study was conducted at Fruit Research Station, Eğirdir, Isparta-Turkey. The trees were planted into 50-liter pots with 1:2:1:0.5 ratio including sandloam soil:peat:manure. During the experiment, four different drought level were applied to all variety/rootstocks combinations (D 1 : the soil was fully irrigated to reach field capacity in each irrigation, D 2 , D 3 and D 4 treatments; the irrigation levels were changed by giving %75, %50 and %25 of irrigation water applied to D 1 treatment). Trunk cross sectional area, shoot length, shoot diameter and leaf area growth were affected negatively depending to stress level intensity. The highest decreasing for leaf ...