A total of 23 papers published between 1981 and 1992, reporting a total of 1,353 patients, were reviewed for intraoperative and postoperative complications of transhiatal esophagectomy. Intraoperative complications included massive bleeding, tracheal injuries, cardiac arrhythmias, and incidental splenectomies. Even though the chest was not opened, the commonest postoperative complications were pulmonary. Leakage from the cervical anastomosis was seen in as many as 15% of all patients, but almost all resolved spontaneously. Postoperative benign strictures were seen in almost as many patients. Hoarseness due to recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, symptomatic gastro-esophageal reflux, chylothorax, Horner's syndrome, subphrenic abscess, hiatal hernia, and biliary cutaneous fistula were some of the other postoperative complications. An overview of these complications is presented, along with suggested methods of avoiding them and their treatment. The overall mortality for the 1,353 patients was 7.17%.