Objective: The objective of our work is to examine the presence of the much-discussed golden proportion provided by Levin, and of the golden percentage (Snow), on the widths of maxillary anterior teeth, by measurements made on digital images. Material and method: The material of this study consists of digital photographs taken of subjects with natural and esthetic teeth. We took photos of 68 subjects (35 women and 33 men), between 19 and 26 years. Using a computer program, we made the necesarry measurements, then we made the appropriate calculations of the above theories. Results: The golden proportion between the lateral and central incisor occurs in a higher proportion than between the canine and the lateral incisor. The values obtained by analyzing the golden proportion differ slightly from those proposed by Snow. Conclusions:The frequency of the golden proportion is not signifi cant for the groups of teeth mentioned. With small modifi cations and taking into consideration ethnic differences, Snow's golden percentage is more valid and applicable than Levin's golden proportion is.

Background: Emergency dental care is provided at the Mureș County Emergency Hospital in Tîrgu Mureș since February 2012, however, there is little information available regarding its activity. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and diagnosis of dental emergency cases treated in this dental office over the first two years. Material and methods: This two-year retrospective study was based on the analysis of patients' dental records who were treated at the Dental Office of the Mureș County Emergency Hospital in Tîrgu Mureș. Results: In the first year 5567 patients were treated, whereas in the second year their number was significantly higher, 7213 patients. Pulp infections presented the highest prevalence in both years: 32.38% and 34.74%, respectively. Compared to the first year (n = 1,803) significantly more cases (p = 0.001) were treated with this diagnosis in the second year (n = 2,506). Periodontal infections were significantly more frequent (p <0.001) in the second year compared to the first -951 cases (13.18%) vs. 681 (12.23%) cases. Conclusions: The main reasons of emergency dental treatments were dental and periodontal infections. The results suggest that dental care is unaffordable to socially disadvantaged persons, and this fosters radical treatment of pain in this free of charge 24 h dental emergency office.

Background:Inserting dental implants in severely atrophied jawbones is a great challenge for the dental practitioner. There are an increasing number of patients who choose dental implantanchored prosthetic restorations despite compromised bone quality and quantity. There have been numerous attempts in adapting implant design for the atrophic crestal bone. One-piece, needle-type basal implant design is a typical design for these cases. These implants are inserted in the remaining compact bone located in the basal aspect of the jawbones. If high primary stability is achieved, these implants are used for immediate loading protocol. From many points of view, this technique is based on contradictory principles compared to classic implant surgery and loading protocols. Theaimof this study was to investigate the long-term success of basal one-piece short-diameter dental implants used for immediate loading protocol.Materials and methods:A total of 56 dental implants were included in this study. Peri-implant bone loss was measured on orthopantomographs. Bone resorption was measured in millimeters in the first 6 and 12 months of functional loading.Results:There were no failing implants in this period; average bone resorption was 1.59 mm after 6 months of functional loading and 2.05 mm after 12 months. Bone resorption was slightly higher in the mandible than in the maxilla.Conclusions:Immediate implant loading protocol might be an attractive solution for fixed fullarch restoration using short-diameter one-stage basal implants, but long-term effects require further investigations.

Objective: The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the disintegration of the contact point system, the occlusal changes, and the masticatory force following the loss of the first permanent molars (FPM).Material and methods: Clinical examinations were performed among 8-18-year-olds following the changes in the contact points and their effects on the dento-maxillary apparatus. The sample comprises 422 individuals, 220 girls and 202 boys. The occlusal masticatory force was measured using the T-Scan in the case of the opening of contact points. For the statistical data analysis, was used correlation and Chi Square Test in the GraphPad InStat program.Results: A very weak reverse dependence was found between the size of the edentulous space and the deflection of the upper and lower interincisal lines (r=-0.02) and between the age and size of the edentulous space (r=-0.05). There is a statistically significant chance of mandibular lateral deviation by dental migration following edentulism (p=0.043). In the case of the opening of contact points, there are 1.42 times higher risks of modified sagital relationship in the molar segment (p=0.016) and 2.7 times greater risks of the tipping of the neighbouring teeth (p=0.021). Following the evaluation of the T-Scan measurements, we found in each case a significant decrease in the masticatory force in the edentulous area and the opening of the interproximal contact points.Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, we can state that the opening of contact points decisively influences the stability of the occlusion and the size of the masticatory force.

Introduction: In this case report we present the aesthetical correction of crowded anterior teeth in a patient who has refused the orthodontic treatment. We also discuss how this correction can be resolved from the point of view of dental prosthetic and what measurements can be helpful in order to collect the data used to restore a satisfying smile on the patient's face using dental ceramic restoration. Case presentation: A 32-year-old patient complained about his crowded incisors. We examined the incisal curvature, the proportion between the height and the width of the teeth, and the relation between the widths of the teeth and the golden proportion. The results of the measurements were compared to the characteristic values of the ideal denture. After the examination of the dental plaster cast, calculating the difference between the existing space and the necessary space, we were able to calculate the lack of space, which caused the crowded teeth. Conclusion: Along the prosthetic planning, these measurements may serve as a guideline to the dentist as an objective basis for the formation of an aesthetic denture and smile.