Chrome (VI) has a high level of toxicity. Formaldehyde is potential to be developed as a substitute of chrome tanning agent. The aims of this study are to explain the amount of formaldehyde bound, shrinkage temperature, tensile strength, and tear strength on Mondol stingray (Himantura gerrardi) leather. Pickled mondol stingray has been used as raw material. The study was divided into 4 treatments, that is P.I (formaldehyde 2%), P.II (formaldehyde 4%), P.III (formaldehyde 6%), and P.IV (formaldehyde 8%). The method used is drum tanning. Shrinkage temperatures, tensile strength and tear strength of P.I and P.II are significantly different from P.III and P.IV, but P.I is not significantly different from P.II, whereas P.III is not significantly different from P.IV. P.III is shown to improve the quality of leather stingray more than P.I and P.II, and has fulfilled the requirements of leather stingray according to SNI. 06-6121-1999. It can be concluded that the optimal level of formaldehyde tanning agent that can be used as a chrome tanning agent substitute in tanning Mondol stingray skin is formaldehyde 8% (P.III).

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The pufferfish skin is a by-product that is underutilized. Skin tanning is the prospect way to enhance the economic value of pufferfish skin. The tanning process is a long one, including the process of curing the skin. Sodium chloride is commonly used for curing the skin. However, sodium chloride can increase the total dissolved solids (TDS) that will be problematic in the environment. Potassium chloride can be used instead of sodium chloride. This study aims to determine the influence of substituting sodium chloride with potassium chloride on the quality of tanned pufferfish skin. Sodium chloride and potassium chloride were used in the skin curing process, while the storage time was 0, 1, 2, and 3 weeks. The assays performed are salt concentration on the skin, scanning electron microscope (SEM), FTIR, and physical quality of tanned pufferfish skin. The results showed that the salt content of potassium chloride in the skin was more easily absorbed than the salt of sodium chloride. The SEM and FTIR tests, descriptively, show no significant difference. The physical quality of the pufferfish skin preserved using potassium chloride is better than that of sodium chloride. Potassium chloride deserves to be used as a substitute for sodium chloride.

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sumber informasi inovasi peternak dalam pengolahan kotoran ternak menjadi kompos. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah semua anggota dari dua kelompok peternak sapi potong (sebagai sistem) yakni Kelompok Sido Rejo dan Kelompok Sido Mulyo di Kabupaten Bantul yang pernah memperoleh informasi mengenai inovasi kompos. Metode pengambilan data dilakukan dengan sensus melalui wawancara kepada peternak. Sumber informasi inovasi dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden baik Kelompok Sido Rejo maupun Sido Mulyo memilih sumber informasi personal. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu sumber informasi personal lebih disukai oleh baik Kelompok Sido Rejo maupun Kelompok Sido Mulyo.Kata kunci: preferensi, sumber informasi, inovasi, kompos Information Sources Preference of Innovation in Manure Processing of Beef Cattle Farmers Groups in Bantul ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze the sources of information of innovation in processing manure into compost. The respondents used in this study were the members of Sido Rejo and Sido Mulyo groups in Bantul who had already obtained information about the innovation of compost. This research was conducted by census through interviews of the object of research to obtain primary data. The preference of the information source of compost innovation was analyzed by descriptive method.The results of the research showed that most respondents from Sido Rejo and Sido Mulyo group preferred the personal information source. The study came to a conclusion that the personal information source was preferred by most respondents from Sido Rejo and Sido Mulyo groups.

This study aims to determine the difference of chromium absorption into the skin and difference the shrinkage temperature in chrome mineral tanning by exhausted tanning system and conventional tanning system. The material used were sheep skins. The first treatment by conventional tanning process. The second treatment was tanning process by exhausted system.Tanning process with exhausted system was done by adding polycarboxylic material during repickle and then proceed tanning process. All the data were analyzed by descriptive data analysis and Independent Sample T-Test analysis. The results showed that chrome absorption into chromium was higher when using tanning system exhausted tannery. The difference between two types of tanning process by polycarboxylic material and without polycarboxylic material (conventional tanning) was very significant with significance of P < 0.01. The shrinkage temperature for skin with exhausted system tanning has a higher value than conventional