BackgroundThis study aimed to assess and compare the Kidzo pediatric rotary file system with the manual nickeltitanium (NiTi) K-file system used for preparing the root canal of primary mandibular second molars by measuring the total apically extruded debris utilizing a sensitive microbalance and assessing cleaning efficiency using a scanning electron microscope. MethodologyA total of 46 mandibular second primary molars were instrumented using a pediatric rotary system (Elephant Kidzo, India) and a manual NiTi K-file system (Endostar, Poldent, Poland). The debris released from the apex was retrieved and dried in Eppendorf tubes that were weighed beforehand. The total extruded debris was determined using a digital electronic scale, following which the molar roots were vertically sectioned, and the canal walls were investigated at the apical, middle, and coronal levels by a scanning electron microscope for debris and smear layer. ResultsThe Kidzo pediatric rotary file system extruded a lesser amount of debris than the manual Endostar file system, but the difference was statistically not significant. Regarding cleaning efficiency, the debris originating in the apical and middle regions by employing the rotary filing technique was significantly less (p < 0.05); however, at the coronal level, there were no notable differences. ConclusionsThe Kidzo pediatric rotary system produced less apically extruded debris than the manual system and demonstrated better cleaning efficiency.