This research aims to analyze scouting activities’ implementation to improve students’ leadership qualities during the COVID-19 epidemic. This study used a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The subject of this study consisted of 17 individuals: 1 school policymaker, 1 scout coach, and 15 scout members in Angkasa Lanud Husen Sastranegara High School, Bandung, Indonesia. Observation, interview and documentation study were data collection techniques used in this research. The findings of the study consisted of 1) scouting activities were included in the high school curriculum to prepare students to become individuals with good character and independence, have a spirit of leadership and concern for the environment, and equip students with positive activities before entering the community; 2) Virtual-based scouting education activities consisted of online scouting training with a leadership theme, to foster students’ leadership, scout members participated in virtual activities such as seminars, discussions, watching YouTube videos on the subject of scouting, and participating in Zoom Meeting on commemorating Scouting Day. The students attended Twigs and scout coaches’ training on scout groups throughout the pandemic. They also did the practice putting Tri Satya and Dhasa Dharma into practice in daily life. Students administered and applied the General Proficiency Requirements’ points. They played active roles in the quiz competition, which seeks to build a culture of sportsmanship and leadership, improving their capacity to communicate in a forum, acquire knowledge, assume responsibility, and gain experience. The scout members also practice developing a sense of leadership in their communities at home. They practiced serving as the prayer leader in the mosque, the imam of home prayers, and guided their younger ones to recite Quran. This research recommends that virtual-based scouting activities can be applied in all schools with more variations of programs and more appreciation for the students’ leadership improvement.

This article describes that self management preferably needs to be done by all human, including PTK PNF. The performance of humanistic and communicative behavior determines the success of professional tasks. The principles to be used are emotional control, active reaction, and refreshing and to confirm the learning process to be active, creative, effective, joyful, and also innovative.

Illiteracy eradication manifests as an important and a common aspect in many countries' development agendas as well as in the United Nation's development initiatives. Indonesia is one of such countries. Based on the data of 2004, Indonesia has at least 28 regencies that still have high illiteracy rates. This condition hinders national growth and development of a country. With a Functional Literacy (FL) program designed and implemented to alleviate illiteracy in the country, this study investigates the effectiveness of a self-concept based participative learning model in improving literacy. The investigation is carried out in Cirebon Regency, on 40 Sub-districts and 125 Community Learning Centers (CLCs). Based on cluster sampling technique, two sub-districts are chosen as the sample for the study. A participative learning model is implemented in this study and an investigation is performed using a quantitative approach, complemented with a qualitative approach. The data is analyzed using three techniques: Descriptive statistical analysis, descriptive qualitative analysis and comparison analysis. Data validity, reliability and objectivity are tested to ensure that the research instruments used are appropriate. From the data analysis, it is concluded that the implemented model is effective in improving learners' literacy skills and it is proven by the difference in literacy skills of the experimental group and the control group. The improvement is also found to be statistically significant, as evidenced by a t calc value higher than the t table .