The problem of the High Social Gap in Papua which is the cause of marginalization and discrimination against the Papuan people, as well as the different perceptions of some Indonesians at home and abroad towards armed separatist conflicts are push factors to corner the Indonesian government. In addition, the issue of internationalization of the 1969 referendum mechanism, violations of Human Rights (HAM), and the management of Natural Resources (SDA) by multinational companies that do not have an impact on improving the welfare of the Papuan people also complement the government's opinion of failure. Against the background of these problems, this study uses a quasi-qualitative research method and an exploratory approach with soft systems methodology (SSM) as a data analysis technique to answer the formulation of the problem and research questions. Research data were collected through Focus Group Discussions (FGD), in-depth interviews, and direct discussions with various informants (academics, practitioners, bureaucracy, and community leaders), plus a literature review as secondary data. The results of this study recommend the development of an Integrated Food Estate (IFE) in stages according to customary areas in Papua, which will indirectly support the realization of Territorial Resilience and the Universal Defense System (Sishta). Furthermore, to ensure that all these processes are carried out properly and continuously, this study recommends the establishment of an Integrated Solution Center (ISC). With the implementation of these recommendations, it is hoped that the peaceful and prosperous Papuan people will soon be realized.

The problem of the high social gap in Papua, which is the cause of marginalization and discrimination against the Papuan people, and the different perceptions of some Indonesians at home and abroad towards armed separatist conflicts are push factors to corner the Indonesian government. In addition, the issue of internationalization of the 1969 referendum mechanism, violations of human rights, and the management of natural resources by multinational companies that do not have an impact on improving the welfare of the Papuan people also complement the opinion of the government's failure. Against the background of these problems, this study uses a quasi-qualitative research method. We collected research data through focus group discussions (FGD), in-depth interviews, and direct discussions with various informants (academics, practitioners, bureaucracy, and community leaders), completed with literature review as secondary data. The results of this study recommend the development of an Integrated Food Estate (IFE) in stages according to customary areas in Papua, which will indirectly support the realization of territorial resilience and the Universal Defense System (Sishta). In conclusion, with all implementation of recommendations, it is hoped the completion of peaceful and prosperous Papuan people will come true.

Gresik merupakan sentra pertanaman kacang bambara di Jawa Timur yang dikenal secara salah kaprah sebagai ‘kacang kapri’. Kandungan nutrisi sangat kompetitif, karbohidrat sekitar 60%, protein 22% dan lemak hanya 1%. Permasalahan kacang bambara di Gresik, hasil biji kering masih rendah, kurang dari 1 ton. ha-1. Peningkatan hasil tanaman kacang bambara menjadi tujuan penelitian ini melalui introduksi galur Sukabumi yang diseleksi berdasarkan warna kulit biji (testa). Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktor tunggal, yaitu warna testa (G1= warna coklat, G2=hitam dan G3=merah) diulang tiga kali. Pengamatan dilakukan pada variabel komponen hasil, yaitu bobot brangkasan, jumlah polong/tanaman, bobot basah dan kering polong/tanaman, jumlah biji/tanaman, bobot kering biji/tanaman, bobot 100 biji, jumlah biji warna coklat, hitam dan merah. Taksiran nilai kuadrat tengah digunakan untuk menghitung nilai heritabilitas dalam arti luas (H2). Uji korelasi digunakan untuk mengetahui keeratan hubungan dua atau lebih variabel yang diukur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai heritabilitas (H2) sedang pada karakter bobot 100 biji (0.4) dan tinggi pada jumlah biji berdasarkan warna (0.99). Bobot 100 biji mempunyai korelasi nyata dengan variabel lebar tajuk, bobot biomass, jumlah polong dan biji per tanaman, bobot basah dan kering polong per tanaman.

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Bambara groundnut has competitive nutritional value such as 49–63.5% carbohydrate, 15–25% protein, and 4.5–7.4% fat. There is not available yet a superior variety. Bambara Groundnut Research Centre has been working intensively to select the candidates of superior variety. Three of bambara groundnut pure lines of BGRC seed collection, including Gresik (Gresik), GHC (Gresik) and S19-3 (Namibia) assessed based on their growth traits, including germination rate, number of leaves, plant height (cm), length of petiole (cm), length of internode (cm), growth type, 1st flowering (das) and 50% of flowering (das) in the Gresik field 5 m above sea level, with Random Complete Block Design experiment, three replicates. Analysis of means (ANOM) calculated to test differences between landraces in particular traits. Heritability of three pure lines calculated based on Mean Square Estimated of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), as well as coefficient correlation, using Minitab 18. The result showed that S19-3 as an introduced landrace from Namibia has traits similarity to the two landraces, namely GHC and Gresik except days to 50% flowering time. Analysis of means shows that S19-3 has days to 50% flowering early compare to the others. The trait of 50% flowering time (dap) also shows a high heritability (0.58). First flowering time has a significant correlation with 50% flowering time in positive direction.