Chloride ingress is one of the major causes of durability problems in reinforced concrete structures. This research focused to investigate the chloride penetration process through the concrete subjected to wetting and drying cycle. This research used 150 x 150 mm normal concrete prism sample with a 40 mm concrete cover. Three wetting and drying configurations used in this study to investigate the effect of wetting and drying period to the chloride penetration. The result indicated that the chloride concentration and penetration depth were highly influenced by the duration of wetting and drying. Based on the experimental result, concrete exposed to 5 hours drying and 3 hours wetting has the highest chloride concentration compared with the sample exposed to other wetting and drying configuration.

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Abstract This paper is aimed to review the current researches on Cold-formed steel (CFS) structures, particularly for screw connections, welded connections, bolted connections and adhesive connections. Connection presents as a major parameter of the important elements for CFS framing system in order to attain its structural stability. The performance of different CFS connections is well-discussed in order to capture the behaviour of each type of connection. Based on the review assessment, the results highlighted that all types of connections except adhesive connections have shown the proper behaviour that can trigger the change of any design codes. Otherwise, adhesive connection is given several advantages that leads a novelty in the construction technology. Hence it still has some gaps of knowledge that are needed to be filled with comprehensive future researches.Keywords cold-formed steel, connection, screw, welded, bolted, adhesive Abstrak Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji ulang penelitian terkini mengenai struktur baja berbentuk dingin (CFS), terutama untuk sambungan sekrup, sambungan las, sambungan yang dilipat dan sambungan perekat. Sambungan merupakan parameter utama elemen penting sistem pembingkaian CFS untuk mencapai stabilitas strukturalnya. Kinerja koneksi CFS yang berbeda dibahas dengan baik untuk menangkap perilaku setiap jenis koneksi. Berdasarkan penilaian review, hasilnya menyoroti bahwa semua jenis koneksi kecuali koneksi perekat telah menunjukkan perilaku yang tepat yang dapat memicu perubahan kode desain apapun. Jika tidak, koneksi perekat diberi beberapa keunggulan yang mengarah pada kebaruan dalam teknologi konstruksi. Oleh karena itu masih ada beberapa celah pengetahuan yang perlu diisi dengan penelitian masa depan yang komprehensif.Kata Kunci baja tahan dingin, sambungan, sekrup, dilas, dilipat, perekat

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Expansion of rust, as a result of reinforcement corrosion, can cause additional internal expansive pressure and initiate cracking to the concrete. This paper presents experimental test and numerical modeling of concrete cracking induced by reinforcement corrosion. The simulation was performed using finite element based program Abaqus CAE using concrete smeared cracking approach. The numerical modeling used non-uniform and uniform corrosion assumption to get more accurate result. Based on the result, the numerical modeling has 3.01% lower stress than the experimental test. The result of the simulation using non-uniform assumption showed more similar cracking pattern with the experimental test compared with uniform assumption.