Six species of lichens, such as Usnea florida, Usnea barbata, Usnea longissima, Usnea rigida, Usnea hirta and Usnea subflorida, were collected from different areas of Anatolia (district of Antalya, Karabük, Çankırı, Giresun and Trabzon) in Turkey. Their usnic acid amounts in acetone extracts were determined by HPLC. In addition, antimicrobial activities of these extracts were determined against Escherichia coli (ATCC 35218), Enterococcus faecalis (RSKK 508), Proteus mirabilis (Pasteur Ens. 235), Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium. It was shown that with increasing amount of usnic acid, the antimicrobial activity increased. Usnic acid contents of Usnea species varied between 0.22-6.49% of dry weight.

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The Ilgaz mountains are the greater mountain ranges in the north-west Anatolia. Its southern slopes are under the affects of Mediterranean climate with a less rainy or semi-aride very cold characters while the northern slopes under the affects of Oceanic climate. The Tigaz mountains are located in the prepontic region and generally covered with the conifer forests : the decidious forests are also seen on the lower levels and in the valleys exposing the north. Their higher parts are covered with the meadows and steppe vegetation is very rare. The sylvatic associations and syntaxa in which they are included are : A - The associations included in the order Fagetalia sylvaticae and the class Querco-Fagetea : 1. A. bornmuelleriana -Hieracium oblongum association 2. A. bornmuelleriana -Pinus sylvestris association 3. Finus sylvestris -A. bornmuelleriana association 3 -The associations included in the alliance Carpino-Acerion of the order Querco-Carpinetalia : 1. P. sylvestris -Q. petraea subsp. iberica association 2. The subassociations of Carpinus betulus and Fagus orientalis of the association of Q. petraea subsp. iberica C -The associations included in the alliance Quercion pubescentis and the class Quercetea pubescentis : 1. P. nigra subsp. pallasiana -Chamaecytisus pygmaeus association 2. Quercus pubescens -Lotus aegeus association D -The associations included in the order Astragalo-Brometalia and the class Astragalo-Brometea : l. Astragalus microcephalus -Asphodeline damascena association and its subassociations, Paracaryum pahlagonicum and Dianthus kamtembeluensis .