21Groundwater is a vital water source in the rural and urban areas of developing and developed nations. In 22 this study, a novel hybrid integration approach of Fisher's linear discriminant function (FLDA) with 23 rotation forest (RFLDA) and bagging (BFLDA) ensembles was used for groundwater potential 24 assessment at the Ningtiaota area in Shaanxi, China. A spatial database with 66 groundwater spring 25 locations and 14 groundwater spring contributing factors was prepared; these factors were elevation, 26 aspect, slope, plan and profile curvatures, sediment transport index, stream power index, topographic 27 wetness index, distance to roads and streams, land use, lithology, soil and normalised difference 28 vegetation index. The classifier attribute evaluation method based on the FLDA model was implemented 29 to test the predictive competence of the mentioned contributing factors. The area under curve, confidence 30
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