Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has been detected sporadically in Italy since the 1990s. We report the phylogenetic relationship of swine enteric coronaviruses collected in Italy during 2007–2014 and identify a drastic shift in PEDV strain variability and a new swine enteric coronavirus generated by recombination of transmissible gastroenteritis virus and PEDV.

In February 2019, following the annual taxon ratification vote, the order Mononegavirales was amended by the addition of four new subfamilies and 12 new genera and the creation of 28 novel species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).

24The lung homogenate proved to be positive for both influenza type A (gene M) and H1N1pdm real time RT- 25PCRs. Virus isolation (A/Sw/It/116114/2010) was obtained from both SPF CEE and Caco-2 cells. 26Phylogenetic analysis showed that all of the genes of A/Sw/It/116114/2010, with the exception of 27 neuraminidase (NA), belonged to the H1N1pdm cluster. The NA was closely related to two H1N2 double 73multiplex PCR and PCR assays respectively, as previously described (Calsamiglia et al., 1999; Ouardani et 74 al., 1999; Suarez et al., 1994). 92were made using ClustalW and maximum parsimony phylogenetic trees were created using MEGA4 93 (Tamura et al., 2007). Each tree is a consensus of 500 bootstrap replicates. 94The identification as a novel reassortant strain was confirmed by full length sequencing of HA and NA genes 95 performed directly on lung homogenates. 106The presence of influenza A and the H1N1pdm was detected on AF and Caco-2 CS by real time RT-PCRs. 107A multiplex RT-PCR specific for subtype determination was further used to subtype both AF and CS that

A fatal Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infection epidemic involving fifteen primates occurred between October 2006 and February 2007 at the Natura Viva Zoo. This large open-field zoo park located near Lake Garda in Northern Italy hosts one thousand animals belonging to one hundred and fifty different species, including various lemur species. This lemur collection is the most relevant and rich in Italy. A second outbreak between September and November 2008 involved three lemurs. In all cases, the clinical signs were sudden deaths generally without any evident symptoms or only with mild unspecific clinical signs. Gross pathologic changes were characterized by myocarditis (diffuse or focal pallor of the myocardium), pulmonary congestion, emphysema, oedema and thoracic fluid. The EMCV was isolated and recognized as the causative agent of both outbreaks. The first outbreak in particular was associated with a rodent plague, confirming that rats are an important risk factor for the occurrence of the EMCV infection.

No abstract