The results of the ROADSTER trial demonstrate that the use of the ENROUTE Transcarotid NPS is safe and effective at preventing stroke during CAS. The overall stroke rate of 1.4% is the lowest reported to date for any prospective, multicenter clinical trial of CAS.

Abdominal aortic coarctation represents a complex vascular disease. Individualized treatment changed little over the period of study, remaining dependent on the pattern of anatomic lesions, patient age, and anticipated growth potential. This experience documented salutary outcomes exceeding 90% following carefully performed operative therapy.

These data suggest that transcervical carotid stenting with carotid flow reversal carries a significantly lower incidence of new ischemic brain infarcts than that resulting from transfemoral CAS with a distal filter. The transcervical approach with carotid flow reversal may improve the safety of CAS and has the potential to improve results in especially vulnerable patients such as the elderly and symptomatic.

Contemporary surgical treatment of pediatric renovascular hypertension emphasizes direct aortic implantation of the normal renal artery beyond its stenosis and single-staged concomitant splanchnic and aortic reconstructions when necessary. Benefits accompany carefully executed operative procedures in 97% of these children.

The VFI measured by APG is an excellent predictor of venous reflux, provides an estimate of the clinical severity of disease, and at high levels predicts deep reflux, perforator reflux, or both. Correction of an abnormal VFI with a thigh tourniquet is an unreliable predictor of the absence of deep or perforator incompetence. The predictive value of APG for severe disease or ulceration is poor. The ejection fraction and residual volume fraction, individually or in combination with the VFI, add little to the diagnostic value of APG, and their routine performance may not be clinically justified.