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Fusarium graminearum is the primary causal agent of Fusarium head blight of wheat in Argentina. This disease affects yield losses and quality of grains, reducing the wheat end-use, also causing mycotoxin contamination. In this study, the genetic variability and deoxynivalenol (DON) potential/ production of F. graminearum sensu stricto (s.s.) isolates obtained from wheat samples of the 2009, 2010, and 2011 growing seasons from a single location in Argentina were evaluated. The genetic variability detected using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) was analyzed in relation to the in vitro deoxynivalenol production, the main monitored and quantified mycotoxin according to the current regulations for the international marketing of cereals. Of the 68 F. graminearum s.s. isolates obtained in this study, 95 % showed a different banding pattern with ISSR molecular markers and a high variability was detected within the population. However, no clustering was found in relation with year or DON production. All isolates amplify for the DON-related gene and a high variability in DON production was observed among the isolates, with production values between non-producers and 1741 μg/g. The results suggest that the F. graminearum s.s. population varies significantly in both genetic structure and toxin production in a limited sampled area.

En 2012 se caracterizaron cultivares de trigo frente a ataques severos de Fusariosis de la espiga en Marcos Juárez en ensayos de RET y bajo infección artifi cial. Se determinó incidencia, severidad rendimiento de granos, peso de mil granos (PMG), peso hectolítrico (PH) , proporción de granos enfermos, contenido de deoxynivalenol (DON) y contenido de proteínas en granos, hallándose diferencias signifi cativas (p<0,05). Se afectó el PH, PMG y rendimiento. Presentaron baja infección Lenox, LE 2330, ACA 356, Klein Zorro y Klein Tauro. El contenido de DON fue variable, no detectándose en Baguette 801Premium y SY200. Se observó inconsistente asociación entre infección y contenido de DON; fue baja en ACA 356 y LE 2330 y alta en ACA 906 y Klein León. La proteína no se vio afectada. La calidad industrial tuvo caídas en el W del alveograma. Los cultivares más destacados fueron