Pancreatic stone protein and sCD25 perform well as infection and sepsis biomarkers, with a similar performance than PCT, in ED patients with suspected infection. Further larger studies investigating use of PSP and sCD25 are needed.

Aim: To assess the prognostic value for 28-day mortality of PSP in critically ill patients with sepsis. Material & methods: 122 consecutive patients with sepsis were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were collected on admission and day 2. Results: On admission, the combination of PSP and lactate achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC) of 0.796, similar to sequential organ failure assessment score alone (AUC-ROC: 0.826). On day 2, PSP was the biomarker with the highest performance (AUC-ROC: 0.844), although lower (p = 0.041) than sequential organ failure assessment score (AUC-ROC: 0.923). Conclusion: The combination of PSP and lactate and PSP alone, on day 2, have a good performance for prognosis of 28-day mortality and could help to identify patients who may benefit most from tailored intensive care unit management.

On admission, LBP has a similar diagnostic accuracy than PCT or IL-6 for the diagnosis of infection and might be used as additional diagnostic tool in adult cancer patients with chemotherapy-associated febrile neutropenia.

The main cause of discontinuation of anti-TNFα is therapeutic failure in both diseases. Etanercept and infliximab have the best survival rates in RA and AS, respectively.

Serum LBP measurement may be useful as an additional tool in the evaluation of suspected LONS in VLBW infants.