ResumenLos recursos forestales no maderables (RFNM) son la parte no leñosa de la vegetación forestal susceptible de uso, por las poblaciones rurales. En este trabajo se investigaron los principales RFNM, específicamente plantas, empleados en las poblaciones de Capulálpam y Jaltianguis, Oaxaca. Se entrevistaron 40 informantes clave, elegidos mediante la técnica de bola de nieve, a quienes se les preguntó en Español y en Zapoteco sobre los RFNM, los cuales se determinaron taxonómicamente. Se registraron 122 RFNM en Capulálpam y 128 en Jaltianguis, para un total de 166 especies, pertenecientes a 66 familias botánicas; se identificaron 31 % a nivel género, 67 % a especie y solo 2 % no se determinaron. Las familias mejor representadas fueron Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, Lamiaceae, Leguminosae, Pinaceae y Cactaceae. En Capulálpam, 20 plantas se mencionaron por dos nombres locales, ocho son endémicas de México, dos endémicas de Oaxaca, ocho exóticas y dos cultivadas. En Jaltianguis, 34 se designan con dos nombres locales, ocho son endémicas de México, dos endémicas de Oaxaca, 13 exóticas y dos cultivadas. De la flora registrada en Jaltianguis, 67 % tienen nombres zapotecos. Esta información evidencia la gran cantidad de vegetales silvestres usados por las familias campesinas de la región y de las cuales no se tenían registros.Palabras clave: Etnobotánica, Oaxaca, plantas útiles, productos forestales no maderables, Sierra Juárez, Zapoteco. AbstractNon-timber forest resources (NTFRs) are the non-woody part of the forest vegetation susceptible to be used by rural populations. This study researched the main NTFRs -specifically plants-used in the towns of Capulálpam and Jaltianguis, in the state of Oaxaca. 40 key informants selected using the snowball technique were asked about the Spanish and Zapotec names of the NTFRs, which were taxonomically determined. Of a total of 166 species, 122 N7FRs were registered in Capulálpam, and 128 in Jaltianguis; 66 botanical families were subsequently identified -31 % at gender level, and 67 % at species level-, and only 2 % remained undetermined. The best represented families were Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, Lamiaceae, Leguminosae, Pinaceae and Cactaceae. In Capulálpam, 20 plants were mentioned by two local names; eight are endemic across Mexico, two are endemic in Oaxaca, 8 are exotic and 2 are cultivated. In Jaltianguis, 34 are designated by two local names, eight are endemic across Mexico, two are endemic in Oaxaca, 13 are exotic, and two are cultivated. 67 % of the flora registered in Jaltianguis have Zapotec names. This information evidences the large number of plants that are used by farming families in the region and of which there were no previous records.
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