Objective: Polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are chronic myeloproliferative diseases that can transform to secondary myelofibrosis (SMF). In this study, we evaluated spleen stiffness using shear-wave elastography (SWE) as a predictor of progression to SMF. Methods: Participants were grouped as healthy volunteers (HVs), PV/ ET patients, and SMF patients. Participants' spleen sizes, spleen stiffness values, bone marrow fibrosis degrees, and the other parameters were evaluated. Spleen stiffness values and spleen sizes were compared between groups. Results: Of the 121 participants included in this study, 52 patients were HVs, 52 patients were PV and/or ET patients, and 17 patients were SMF patients. In terms of age and sex, there was no difference between groups. Splenic parenchymal stiffness median values by using SWE were found to be 0.82 m/s in HVs, 1.41 m/s in PV/ET patients, and 2.32 m/s in SMF patients (P < 0.001). In terms of median length of the spleen, the difference between groups was significant (P < 0.001). In addition, we found a significant positive correlation between spleen stiffness and bone marrow fibrosis degree (P < 0.001, r = 0.757). However, in multivariate analysis, there was no strong independent risk factor for spleen stiffness. Conclusion:In this study, we showed that measurement of spleen stiffness using SWE can distinguish SMF from PV/ET patients and HVs. Therefore, we believe that SWE may be used as a noninvasive and easily accessible method to check the fibrotic progression of bone marrow in PV and ET patients to monitor the transformation to SMF, and enables to detect fibrosis in early phase.

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Trakea ya da ana bronşlardan köken alan dallanma anomalileri nadirdir. Trakeal bronş da bu anomalilerden biridir. Genellikle semptomsuzdur. Tanı genellikle başka nedenle çekilen bilgisayarlı tomografi veya bronkoskopi ile konur. Bronşial anatominin radyolog tarafından tanınıp ortaya konması olası girişimsel işlemlere rehberlik yapması açısından önemlidir. Biz de trakeal bronş tanısı alan olgumuzu nadir görülmesi nedeniyle, bigisayarlı tomografi bulguları ile beraber, literatür eşliğinde sunmayı amaçladık.