Genetic diversity of Xylella fastidiosa in citrus producing regions in the state of Bahia, BrazilAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate, by SSR markers, the genetic diversity of Xylella fastidiosa in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Two of the main citrus producing regions of the state were evaluated, Litoral Norte and Recôncavo Sul. Ten samples from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, were used for comparison. The following primers were used: ASSR20, OSSR9, OSSR17, CSSR4, CSSR12, and CSSR20, of which the last four allowed the identification of 22 polymorphic loci. The citrus populations of X. fastidiosa in the state of Bahia have high genetic diversity, based on SSR markers, with distinct gene pools and geographical grouping. In Litoral Norte, the populations of the isolate show higher genetic diversity than those in the Recôncavo Sul region of Bahia.

Nosemosis is an important bee disease that is caused by microsporidia fungi of the Nosema genus, whose main etiological agents are Nosema apis and N. ceranae, both of which are found worldwide. In Brazil, the disease has been reported in several states but little is known about its occurrence and distribution in Bahia. This study identified the occurrence and distribution of nosemosis and its agents, N. apis and N. ceranae, in Apis mellifera L. bees collected from apiaries in the state of Bahia, Brazil. A total of 154 bee samples were collected and analyzed from 20 apiaries in six regions of the state. The hives sampled were evaluated for signs of the disease from December 2015 to July 2018. Molecular diagnosis was made using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). No signs of nosemosis were observed in the sampled apiaries, but from 154 samples analyzed via PCR, 96 were infected with N. ceranae. This pathogen was reported in samples from all six regions evaluated, and its occurrence in important apiculture regions of Bahia State is discussed in this study.

We report the first detection of Trypanosoma vivax in Bahia state based on blood smear and PCR analyses. A total of 623 bovine blood samples were collected over two years. Parasitological analysis by smear technique detected the presence of T. vivax in 0.3%, while molecular analysis by PCR showed a prevalence in 18.9% of the samples. This study demonstrated the higher sensitivity of molecular analysis in the diagnosis of hemoparasitosis caused by T. vivax in dairy cattle herds.